View of the left wing damage. Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Scottsdale, Arizona
Aviation Accident Factual Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf
Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms
https://registry.faa.gov/N8619W
Location: Cottonwood, AZ
Accident Number: GAA19CA511
Date & Time: 08/25/2019, 1120 PDT
Registration: N8619W
Aircraft: PIPER PA28
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of control in flight
Injuries: 2 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Instructional
The flight instructor reported that, during a soft field takeoff with the student pilot at the flight controls, the airplane was in ground effect and yawed to the left with a high angle of attack. As the student was correcting, a wind gust from the right caused the airplane to drift left and put the airplane into a "cross controlled situation." The instructor attempted to assume control of the airplane, but the student pilot only heard his name and continued to fly the airplane. The instructor reported he was unable to overpower the student and became concerned that the airplane was not producing enough lift and would aerodynamically stall or spin. The instructor pushed forward hard on the yoke to prevent the stall, and the airplane impacted terrain 50 yards off the side of the runway about midfield.
The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage, left and right wings.
The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.
The student pilot did not submit a written statement as requested.
An airport's automated weather observation station, located 14 miles to the north east, reported that, about the time of the accident, the wind was from 210° at 8 knots and variable from 180° to 240°. The airplane was departing from runway 14.
The Federal Aviation Administration's Airplane Flying Handbook, FAA-H-8083-3B, provides information and guidance in a section titled "Soft/Rough-Field Takeoff and Climb" which stated in part:
The pilot must be aware that the correct takeoff procedure for soft fields is quite different from the takeoff procedures used for short fields with firm, smooth surfaces. To minimize the hazards associated with takeoffs from soft or rough fields, the pilot should transfer the support of the airplane's weight as rapidly as possible from the wheels to the wings as the takeoff roll proceeds by establishing and maintaining a relatively high AOA or nose-high pitch attitude as early as possible. The pilot should lower the wing flaps prior to starting the takeoff (if recommended by the manufacturer) to provide additional lift and to transfer the airplane's weight from the wheels to the wings as early as possible.
After the airplane becomes airborne, the pilot should gently lower the nose with the wheels clear of the surface to allow the airplane to accelerate to VY, or VX if obstacles must be cleared. Immediately after the airplane becomes airborne and while it accelerates, the pilot should be aware that, while transitioning out of the ground effect area, the airplane will have a tendency to settle back onto the surface. An attempt to climb prematurely or too steeply may cause the airplane to settle back to the surface as a result of the loss of ground effect. During the transition out of the ground effect area, the pilot should not attempt to climb out of ground effect before reaching the sufficient climb airspeed, as this may result in the airplane being unable to climb further, even with full power applied. Therefore, it is essential that the airplane remain in ground effect until at least VX is reached.
Student Pilot Information
Certificate: Student
Age: 42, Male
Airplane Rating(s): None
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 1 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 06/13/2019
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time: (Estimated) 124 hours (Total, all aircraft), 19.4 hours (Total, this make and model), 17 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 17 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 17 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 17 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)
Flight Instructor Information
Certificate: Airline Transport; Flight Instructor; Commercial
Age: 41, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Multi-engine Land; Single-engine Land; Single-engine Sea
Seat Occupied: Right
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): Airplane Multi-engine; Airplane Single-engine; Instrument Airplane
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 2 Without Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 03/20/2019
Occupational Pilot: Yes
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 05/23/2019
Flight Time: (Estimated) 7110 hours (Total, all aircraft), 113 hours (Total, this make and model), 6625 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 362 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 104 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 3.2 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Make: PIPER
Registration: N8619W
Model/Series: PA28 235
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1963
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 28-10133
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 05/15/2019, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2900 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 1723.8 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: Lycoming
ELT: C91 installed, activated
Engine Model/Series: O-540
Registered Owner: N8619W Llc
Rated Power: 235 hp
Operator: N8619W Llc
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KSEZ, 4827 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 14 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 1835 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 60°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility: 10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 8 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 210°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 30.19 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 32°C / 13°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Lake Havasu, AZ (HII)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: VFR
Destination: Prescott, AZ (PRC)
Type of Clearance: VFR; VFR Flight Following
Departure Time: 1010 PDT
Type of Airspace: Class G
Airport Information
Airport: Cottonwood (P52)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 3560 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 14
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 4252 ft / 75 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: None
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 2 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 2 None
Latitude, Longitude: 34.730000, -112.035278 (est)
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