Sunday, February 10, 2019

Beech 95-B55 Baron, N5YB: Accident occurred October 31, 2018 at Gainesville Regional Airport (KGNV), Alachua County, Florida

Additional Participating Entity: 
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Orlando, Florida

Aviation Accident Factual Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


https://registry.faa.gov/N5YB

Location: Gainesville, FL
Accident Number: GAA19CA046
Date & Time: 10/31/2018, 1800 EDT
Registration: N5YB
Aircraft: Beech 55
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Landing gear not configured
Injuries: 4 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Business 

The pilot of the retractable landing gear-equipped airplane reported that, during the landing roll, he inadvertently moved the landing gear position lever to the "up" position. He immediately moved the lever back to the "down" position, but observed the left wing settle slightly, so he added power and performed a go around.

Once airborne, he asked the tower controllers to observe the landing gear and they confirmed that the left main landing gear was "canted inward" and did not appear to be in a down and locked position.

During the second landing he placed the gear handle in the down position and observed the gear indicators as "down and locked." During the landing roll, the left wing settled onto the runway.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left aileron.

The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Pilot Information

Certificate: Private
Age: 55, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Multi-engine Land; Single-engine Land; Single-engine Sea
Seat Occupied: Left 
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: 3-point
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 11/07/2018
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 09/15/2017
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 4500 hours (Total, all aircraft), 220 hours (Total, this make and model), 4500 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 50 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 20 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft)

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Beech
Registration: N5YB
Model/Series: 55 95B55
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1966
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: TC-952
Landing Gear Type: Retractable - Tricycle
Seats: 6
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 10/15/2018, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 5100 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 2 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 5000 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: Continental
ELT: Installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: IO-520-E
Registered Owner: On file
Rated Power: 300 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KGNV, 123 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 2153 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 298°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 7 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 90°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 30.12 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 27°C / 17°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Miami, FL (TMB)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: IFR
Destination: Gainesville, FL (GNV)
Type of Clearance: IFR
Departure Time: 1615 EST
Type of Airspace: Class D

Airport Information

Airport: GAINESVILLE RGNL (GNV)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 151 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 07
IFR Approach: Visual
Runway Length/Width: 4158 ft / 100 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop

Wreckage and Impact Information


Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 3 None
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 4 None
Latitude, Longitude: 29.690000, -82.271667 (est)

Cessna 172R, registered to and operated by Kansas State University, N822KS: Accident occurred October 26, 2018 at Salina Regional Airport (KSLN), Saline County, Kansas

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Wichita, Kansas

Aviation Accident Factual Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


https://registry.faa.gov/N822KS

Location: Salina, KS
Accident Number: GAA19CA042
Date & Time: 10/26/2018, 1430 CDT
Registration: N822KS
Aircraft: Cessna 172
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Abnormal runway contact
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Instructional

The solo student pilot reported that, while performing a touch and go landing, upon touchdown, the airplane landed hard and bounced. He added full power to go around, determined that the airplane was flying normally, and continued in the traffic pattern. He landed a second time, bounced a little, and taxied to the ramp without further incident.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage.

The student pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Student Pilot Information

Certificate: Student
Age: 18, Male
Airplane Rating(s): None
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: Lap Only
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 1 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 06/18/2018
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 21.5 hours (Total, all aircraft), 21.5 hours (Total, this make and model), 0.4 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 21.5 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 9.6 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft)

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information


Aircraft Make: Cessna
Registration: N822KS
Model/Series: 172 R
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1998
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 17280545
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 08/24/2018, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2450 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 7488 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: Lycoming
ELT: C126 installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: IO-360-L2A
Registered Owner: Kansas State University Salina
Rated Power: 180 hp
Operator: Kansas State University Salina
Operating Certificate(s) Held: Pilot School (141)

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan


Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KSLN, 1289 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 1 Nautical Mile
Observation Time: 1953 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 200°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 4 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 320°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 29.89 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 17°C / 9°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Salina, KS (SLN)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Salina, KS (SLN)
Type of Clearance: VFR
Departure Time: 1400 CDT
Type of Airspace: Class D

Airport Information


Airport: SALINA RGNL (SLN)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 1288 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 36
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 4301 ft / 75 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Touch and Go

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude:  38.785000, -97.645833 (est)

Cessna 140, N76154: Accident occurred October 15, 2018 at Front Range Airport (KFTG), Denver, Colorado

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Denver, Colorado

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


https://registry.faa.gov/N76154

Location: Denver, CO

Accident Number: GAA19CA026
Date & Time: 10/15/2018, 1345 MDT
Registration: N76154
Aircraft: Cessna 140
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Miscellaneous/other
Injuries: 2 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal 

Analysis 

The pilot of the tailwheel-equipped airplane reported that, during the preflight for a demonstration flight with another pilot, they discussed the nose-over tendencies of the airplane and the need to "stay off the brakes." He added that, during the fourth touch-and-go landing, the second pilot was flying and performed a wheel landing. During the landing roll, the airplane drifted right, and the pilot "came on the rudders to help." Suddenly, the airplane nosed over.

The pilot reported that he believed he was responsible for the accident and that either he or the other pilot must have inadvertently applied the brakes. He also believed that he misjudged the second pilot's tailwheel experience.

The second pilot reported that, at the time of the accident, he had a tailwheel endorsement and met the recency of experience requirements. He added that, during the landing roll, the airplane was tracking the centerline when "suddenly and unexpectedly" it nosed over.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing lift strut and empennage.

The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The pilot's inadvertent brake application, which resulted in a loss of directional control and a subsequent nose-over. 

Findings

Aircraft
Brake - Incorrect use/operation (Cause)
Directional control - Not attained/maintained (Cause)

Personnel issues
Aircraft control - Pilot (Cause)
Use of equip/system - Pilot (Cause)

Factual Information

History of Flight

Landing-landing roll
Loss of control on ground
Attempted remediation/recovery
Nose over/nose down

Pilot Information

Certificate: Airline Transport; Flight Engineer
Age: 55, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Multi-engine Land; Single-engine Land; Single-engine Sea
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: 4-point
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 1 Waiver Time Limited Special
Last FAA Medical Exam: 05/02/2018
Occupational Pilot: Yes
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 01/04/2018
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 20087 hours (Total, all aircraft), 300 hours (Total, this make and model), 11682 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 178 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 60 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft)

Pilot Information

Certificate: Airline Transport; Flight Instructor; Commercial; Flight Engineer
Age: 53, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Multi-engine Land; Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Right
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: 4-point
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s):  Airplane Multi-engine; Airplane Single-engine; Instrument Airplane
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 1 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 07/26/2018
Occupational Pilot: Yes
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 
Flight Time: (Estimated) 17815 hours (Total, all aircraft) 

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Cessna
Registration: N76154
Model/Series: 140 Undesignated
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1946
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 10551
Landing Gear Type: Tailwheel
Seats: 2
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 11/01/2017, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 1450 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 1645.1 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: Continental
ELT: Installed, activated, did not aid in locating accident
Engine Model/Series: O-220-A
Registered Owner: Long, William D.
Rated Power: 100 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KFTG, 5513 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 1 Nautical Mile
Observation Time: 1858 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 165°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 6 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 220°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 30.34 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 6°C / -11°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Denver, CO (FTG)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Denver, CO (FTG)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 1300 MDT
Type of Airspace: Class D

Airport Information

Airport: FRONT RANGE (FTG)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 5512 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 26
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 8000 ft / 100 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop; Touch and Go

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 2 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 2 None
Latitude, Longitude: 39.793611, -104.541389 (est)

Piper J3C-65, N6048H: Accidents occurred October 13, 2018 and August 09, 2017 at Grove Field Airport (1W1), Camas, Clark County, Washington

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Portland, Oregon

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


https://registry.faa.gov/N6048H


Location: Camas, WA

Accident Number: GAA19CA027
Date & Time: 10/13/2018, 1430 PDT
Registration: N6048H
Aircraft: Piper J3C
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of control on ground
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Instructional 

Analysis 

The flight instructor reported that this was the student pilot's first solo in a tailwheel-equipped airplane and that the accident occurred during the landing roll of the fourth landing. He added that, during the landing roll, the airplane veered left. The student attempted to correct with right rudder input but overcorrected and was unable to stop the veer. The airplane continued off the runway and the left wing impacted a pole.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing.

The instructor reported that there were no preimpact mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll.

Findings

Aircraft
Directional control - Not attained/maintained (Cause)

Personnel issues
Aircraft control - Student pilot (Cause)

Environmental issues
Pole - Contributed to outcome

Factual Information

History of Flight

Landing-landing roll
Loss of control on ground (Defining event)
Attempted remediation/recovery
Runway excursion
Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT)

Student Pilot Information

Certificate: Student
Age: 17, Male
Airplane Rating(s): None
Seat Occupied: Rear
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: Unknown
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 1 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 08/28/2018
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 14.9 hours (Total, all aircraft), 14.9 hours (Total, this make and model), 0.3 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 14.9 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft) 

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Piper
Registration: N6048H
Model/Series: J3C
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1946
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 19194
Landing Gear Type: Tailwheel
Seats: 2
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 10/01/2018, 100 Hour
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 1220 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 4336.9 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: Continental Motors
ELT: Installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: A-65-8
Registered Owner: On file
Rated Power: 65 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
Operator Does Business As: Shangri-LA Aviation
Operator Designator Code: 

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KTTD, 29 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 5 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 2153 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 182°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility: 10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: Calm /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction:
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 30.16 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 21°C / 8°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Camas, WA (1W1)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Camas, WA (1W1)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 1415 PDT
Type of Airspace: Class G

Airport Information

Airport: Grove Field (1W1)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt; Grass/turf
Airport Elevation: 429 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 25
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 2710 ft / 40 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop; Traffic Pattern 

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude: 45.627778, -122.404444 (est)

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Hillsboro, Oregon

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board:https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms

Aviation Accident Data Summary - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Location: Camas, WA
Accident Number: GAA17CA506
Date & Time: 08/09/2017, 1145 PDT
Registration: N6048H
Aircraft: PIPER J3C
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of control on ground
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under:
Part 91: General Aviation - Instructional

Analysis


The flight instructor, who was providing tailwheel instruction, reported that, after several dual landings, he exited the airplane to allow the pilot receiving instruction to conduct a solo flight. The flight instructor further reported that, during the pilot's third solo landing, he observed the pilot make a wheel landing. During the landing, the airplane exited the runway to the left and impacted a hangar.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage.


The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.


Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:

The pilot receiving instruction's failure to maintain directional control during landing.

Findings


Aircraft

Directional control - Not attained/maintained (Cause)

Personnel issues

Aircraft control - Student pilot (Cause)

Environmental issues

Airport structure - Contributed to outcome

Factual Information


History of Flight


Landing

Loss of control on ground (Defining event)
Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT)

Pilot Information

Certificate: Commercial

Age: 57, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Rear
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: Lap Only
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 12/19/2016
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 07/22/2017
Flight Time: (Estimated) 1078 hours (Total, all aircraft), 10 hours (Total, this make and model), 1008 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 27 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 16 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 2 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)
  
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Manufacturer: PIPER

Registration: N6048H
Model/Series: J3C 65
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1946
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 19194
Landing Gear Type: Tailwheel
Seats: 2
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 05/22/2017, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 1220 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection: 
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 3990.7 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: CONT MOTOR
ELT: C91  installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: A&C65-8
Registered Owner: On file
Rated Power: 65 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions

Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KTTD, 29 ft msl
Observation Time: 1653 UTC
Distance from Accident Site: 5 Nautical Miles
Direction from Accident Site: 183°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Temperature/Dew Point: 22°C / 17°C
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility:  8 Miles
Wind Speed/Gusts, Direction: 3 knots, 270°
Visibility (RVR):  
Altimeter Setting: 29.95 inches Hg
Visibility (RVV): 
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Camas, WA (1W1)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Camas, WA (1W1)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 0945 PDT
Type of Airspace: Class G

Airport Information

Airport: GROVE FIELD (1W1)

Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 429 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 25
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 2710 ft / 40 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop; Traffic Pattern

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None

Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude: 45.627778, -122.404167 (est)

Preventing Similar Accidents 

Stay Centered: Preventing Loss of Control During Landing

Loss of control during landing is one of the leading causes of general aviation accidents and is often attributed to operational issues. Although most loss of control during landing accidents do not result in serious injuries, they typically require extensive airplane repairs and may involve potential damage to nearby objects such as fences, signs, and lighting.


Often, wind plays a role in these accidents. Landing in a crosswind presents challenges for pilots of all experience levels. Other wind conditions, such as gusting wind, tailwind, variable wind, or wind shifts, can also interfere with pilots’ abilities to land the airplane and maintain directional control.


What can pilots do?


Evaluate your mental and physical fitness before each flight using the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) “I'M SAFE Checklist." Being emotionally and physically ready will help you stay alert and potentially avoid common and preventable loss of control during landing accidents.


Check wind conditions and forecasts often. Take time during every approach briefing to fully understand the wind conditions. Use simple rules of thumb to help (for example, if the wind direction is 30 degrees off the runway heading, the crosswind component will be half of the total wind velocity).


Know your limitations and those of the airplane you are flying. Stay current and practice landings on different runways and during various wind conditions. If possible, practice with a flight instructor on board who can provide useful feedback and techniques for maintaining and improving your landing procedures.


Prepare early to perform a go around if the approach is not stabilized and does not go as planned or if you do not feel comfortable with the landing. Once you are airborne and stable again, you can decide to attempt to land again, reassess your landing runway, or land at an alternate airport. Incorporate go-around procedures into your recurrent training.


During landing, stay aligned with the centerline. Any misalignment reduces the time available to react if an unexpected event such as a wind gust or a tire blowout occurs.


Do not allow the airplane to touch down in a drift or in a crab. For airplanes with tricycle landing gear, do not allow the nosewheel to touch down first.


Maintain positive control of the airplane throughout the landing and be alert for directional control difficulties immediately upon and after touchdown. A loss of directional control can lead to a nose-over or ground loop, which can cause the airplane to tip or lean enough for the wing tip to contact the ground.


Stay mentally focused throughout the landing roll and taxi. During landing, avoid distractions, such as conversations with passengers or setting radio frequencies.


Interested in More Information?


The FAA’s “Airplane Flying Handbook” (FAA-H-8083-3B), chapter 8, “Approaches and Landings,” provides guidance about how to conduct crosswind approaches and landings and discusses maximum safe crosswind velocities. The handbook can be accessed from the FAA’s website (www.faa.gov).


The FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) provides access to online training courses, seminars, and webinars as part of the FAA’s “WINGS—Pilot Proficiency Program.” This program includes targeted flight training designed to help pilots develop the knowledge and skills needed to achieve flight proficiency and to assess and mitigate the risks associated with the most common causes of accidents, including loss of directional control. The courses listed below can be accessed from the FAASTeam website (www.faasafety.gov).


Avoiding Loss of Control


Maneuvering: Approach and Landing


Normal Approach and Landing


Takeoffs, Landings, and Aircraft Control


The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association Air Safety Institute offers several interactive courses, presentations, publications, and other safety resources that can be accessed from its website (www.aopa.org/asf/).


The NTSB’s Aviation Information Resources web page, www.ntsb.gov/air, provides convenient access to NTSB aviation safety products.


The NTSB presents this information to prevent recurrence of similar accidents. Note that this should not be considered guidance from the regulator, nor does this supersede existing FAA Regulations (FARs). 

NTSB Identification: GAA17CA506
14 CFR Part 91: General Aviation
Accident occurred Wednesday, August 09, 2017 in Camas, WA
Aircraft: PIPER J3C, registration: N6048H
Injuries: 1 Uninjured.

NTSB investigators used data provided by various entities, including, but not limited to, the Federal Aviation Administration and/or the operator and did not travel in support of this investigation to prepare this aircraft accident report.


The flight instructor, who was giving tailwheel instruction reported that, after several dual landings, he exited the airplane to allow the pilot receiving instruction to conduct a solo flight. The flight instructor further reported that, during the pilot's third solo landing, he observed the pilot make a wheel landing. During the landing, the airplane exited the runway to the left and impacted a hangar.


The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage.


The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Nose Over: Cessna 140, N89266; accident occurred October 10, 2018 at Marina Municipal Airport (KOAR), Monterey County, California

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; San Jose, California

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


https://registry.faa.gov/N89266



Location: Marina, CA

Accident Number: GAA19CA013
Date & Time: 10/10/2018, 1030 PDT
Registration: N89266
Aircraft: Cessna 140
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Nose over/nose down
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal

Analysis 

The pilot of the tailwheel-equipped airplane reported that, after landing, as he pressed the right rudder to turn off the runway, his foot slipped, he inadvertently applied the brake, and the airplane nosed over.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing lift strut, left wing, and empennage.

The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. 

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The pilot's inadvertent application of the brakes, which resulted in a nose-over.

Findings

Aircraft
Brake - Unnecessary use/operation (Cause)

Personnel issues
Aircraft control - Pilot (Cause)

Factual Information

History of Flight

Taxi-from runway
Miscellaneous/other
Nose over/nose down (Defining event)

Pilot Information

Certificate: Private
Age: 37, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land; Single-engine Sea
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: Unknown
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 Without Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 12/18/2015
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 05/10/2018
Flight Time: (Estimated)



Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Cessna
Registration: N89266
Model/Series: 140 Undesignated
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1946
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 8290
Landing Gear Type: Tailwheel
Seats: 2
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 06/06/2018, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 1450 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 3102.2 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: Continental
ELT: C91  installed, activated, did not aid in locating accident
Engine Model/Series: C85 SERIES
Registered Owner: On file
Rated Power: 85 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan


Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KSNS, 74 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 8 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 1753 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 98°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Scattered / 2100 ft agl
Visibility:  9 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: Broken / 3100 ft agl
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 3 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: Variable
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 29.84 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 17°C / 12°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: San Jose, CA (RHV)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Marina, CA (OAR)
Type of Clearance: VFR
Departure Time: 0930 PDT
Type of Airspace: Class G

Airport Information

Airport: MARINA MUNI (OAR)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 136 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 29
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 3483 ft / 75 ft
VFR Approach/Landing:  Full Stop; Traffic Pattern

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude:  36.680833, -121.763333 (est)