Sunday, July 05, 2020

Loss of Control in Flight: Mooney M20J 201, N9133Z; fatal accident occurred April 06, 2018 near Petaluma Municipal Airport (O69), Sonoma County, California



Carl Morrison

The National Transportation Safety Board traveled to the scene of this accident.

Additional Participating Entities:

Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Oakland, California
Lycoming; Texas

Aviation Accident Factual Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


http://registry.faa.gov/N9133Z 


Location: Petaluma, CA
Accident Number: ANC18FA028
Date & Time: 04/06/2018, 1710 PDT
Registration: N9133Z
Aircraft: MOONEY M20J
Aircraft Damage: Destroyed
Defining Event: Loss of control in flight
Injuries: 1 Fatal
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal 

On April 6, 2018, about 1710 Pacific daylight time, a Mooney M20J airplane, N9133Z, was destroyed when it was involved in an accident in Petaluma, California. The private pilot sustained fatal injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight.

About 1657, the pilot contacted Flight Service to request an instrument flight rules (IFR) clearance from Petaluma Municipal Airport (O69) to Fallbrook Community Airpark (L18), Fallbrook, California. The pilot reported that he would be departing runway 29 and was ready for an immediate departure. The pilot received his IFR clearance at 1700 with a void time of 1710.

A pilot-rated witness familiar with operations at O69 was on the deck of the airport office monitoring the airport's common traffic frequency when he heard the accident pilot broadcast that he was taxiing to runway 29. He then observed the airplane taxi to runway 11. He stated that the airplane remained in the runway 11 runup area for about 15 minutes. About 1700, the pilot announced, "Petaluma traffic, Mooney departing Runway 29"; the witness then transmitted "Runway 11" to which the pilot replied, "Thank you. I appreciate the help." He observed the airplane depart runway 11 and climb to an altitude about 300 ft above ground level before initiating a shallow left turn and disappearing into the fog. The witness reported that there were no unusual sounds from the airplane during the takeoff and that the engine sounded strong, smooth, and normal.

Another witness reported that the accident airplane landed at O69 around 1645 the day before the accident and taxied to the fuel island. He stated that he helped the pilot obtain fuel, observed him sump the airplane's fuel tanks after refueling, and instructed him where to park for the evening. He stated that the accident pilot queried a FedEx pilot on the appropriate instrument departure procedure for runway 29. The accident pilot returned to the airport about 1645 on the day of the accident and walked to his airplane to begin preflight preparations. About 1700, as he was leaving the airport, he saw the airplane in the runup area for runway 11. He returned to the airport about 1800 to aid in the search for the missing airplane.

The pilot never established radio contact with the Oakland Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZOA) after takeoff. At 1723, ZOA received an emergency locator transmitter signal report in the vicinity of O69; an alert notice was issued by the FAA at 1803. Aerial search operations were hindered by weather; however, a ground search was conducted by local law enforcement and first responders. The wreckage was located about 2200 about 1 mile north of O69. 

Pilot Information

Certificate: Private
Age: 75, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied:Left 
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: Yes
Medical Certification: Class 3 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 07/05/2017
Occupational Pilot:No 
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time: 2768 hours (Total, all aircraft)

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: MOONEY
Registration: N9133Z
Model/Series: M20J NO SERIES
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1990
Amateur Built:No 
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 24-1700-14
Landing Gear Type: Retractable - Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 08/01/2017, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2899 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 4025.9 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: LYCOMING
ELT: C126 installed, activated, aided in locating accident
Engine Model/Series: IO-360-A3B6D
Registered Owner: On file
Rated Power: 200 hp
Operator:On file 
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Instrument Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: O69, 90 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 2 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 2355 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 244°
Lowest Cloud Condition:
Visibility:  0.75 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: Overcast / 600 ft agl
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: Calm /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual:
Wind Direction:
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual:
Altimeter Setting: 29.87 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 15°C / 15°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: Moderate - Mist
Departure Point: Petaluma, CA (O69)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: IFR
Destination: FALLBROOK, CA (L18)
Type of Clearance: IFR
Departure Time: 1510 PDT
Type of Airspace:Class G  

The National Weather Service (NWS) surface analysis chart for 1700 depicted station models around the accident site with air temperatures low- to mid- 60°F, dew point temperature near 60°F, with temperature-dew point spreads of 2°F or less, a south wind of 5 to 10 knots, moderate rain, and overcast skies.

The NWS Storm Prediction Center (SPC) constant pressure charts depicted a low-level trough northeast of the accident site over northern California. Troughs typically act as lifting mechanisms where enhanced lift, gusty winds, fronts, clouds, and precipitation can occur. Troughs and a frontal boundary close to the surface and near mountainous terrain also act to aid in the mixing of low-level air, allowing for the possibility of low-level wind shear (LLWS) and turbulence.

AIRMETs Sierra and Tango were valid for the accident site at the accident time. The AIRMETs were issued at 1345 and warned of IFR conditions due to precipitation and mist, mountain obscuration conditions due to clouds, precipitation, and mist, and moderate turbulence conditions below 10,000 ft mean sea level (msl).

A High-Resolution Rapid Refresh model sounding was created for the accident site for 1700. The sounding wind profile indicated a surface wind from 163° at 5 knots with the wind becoming westerly through 5,000 ft and increasing to 25 knots. A possibility of light LLWS was identified between surface and 100 ft agl in addition to a possibility of light to moderate clear air turbulence in several layers between 2,000 ft and 14,000 ft.

Publicly-disseminated pilot reports (PIREP) from about 2 hours before the accident to about 2 hours after the accident indicated cloud ceilings in the area around 400 to 700 ft agl with moderate turbulence. In addition, an urgent PIREP was made at 1438 near San Francisco International Airport (SFO) located about 43 miles south of the accident site; the pilot of an Airbus A320 at an altitude of 1,900 ft while on final approach to runway 19 at SFO reported LLWS +/- 15 knots.

Airport Information

Airport: PETALUMA MUNI (O69)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation:89 ft 
Runway Surface Condition: Wet
Runway Used: 11
IFR Approach:None 
Runway Length/Width: 3602 ft / 75 ft
VFR Approach/Landing:  None 

The published IFR Obstacle Departure Procedure (ODP) for runway 11 was to climb heading 108° to 1,500 ft msl then climb direct SGD VORTAC. The published IFR ODP for runway 29 was to climb heading 289° to 1,500 ft msl then climbing left turn to 3,000 ft msl direct SGD VORTAC.

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 Fatal
Aircraft Damage: Destroyed
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: On-Ground
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: Unknown
Total Injuries: 1 Fatal
Latitude, Longitude: 38.268889, -122.576389 (est) 

The accident site was located in a muddy mustard field with rolling hills at an elevation of about 307 ft msl. The airplane impacted in a near-vertical attitude on a heading of about 200° and a postcrash fire ensued.

All the airplane's major components were located at the accident site. Both wing fuel tanks were ruptured. The cockpit and cabin area were largely consumed by postcrash fire. The aft fuselage exhibited extensive accordion-style crushing.

The right wing was displaced from the fuselage and came to rest on the right side and forward of the fuselage. The right fuel cap was in place and secure, but the fuel cap seal sustained thermal damage. The right aileron remained attached to its respective attach points but sustained impact damage. The right flap separated from its attach points and was bent up at both ends about midspan.

The left wing sustained extensive accordion-style leading edge crushing near the tip, lessening in severity toward the wing root. The left fuel cap was in place and secure; however, the fuel cap seal exhibited cracks around the circumference of the seal. The left aileron and flap remained attached to their respective attach points and were relatively undamaged. The left flap was in the up position.

The left main landing gear was in the retracted position. The right main landing gear separated from its attach points but remained attached to its operating linkage.

The vertical and left horizontal stabilizer, left elevator, and rudder remained attached to the empennage and were relatively free of impact damage. The right horizontal stabilizer and right elevator remained attached to their respective attach points, but sustained impact damage.

Flight control continuity was verified from the cabin to the rudder. Elevator control continuity was established from the elevator via the push/pull tube to the aft fuselage to the cabin area, where it was melted due to postcrash fire. Left aileron control continuity was established from the aileron to the wing root area. Right aileron control continuity was established to the wing root area, where the push/pull tube was fractured and exhibited features consistent with overload.

Examination of the airframe revealed no evidence of mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation.

The engine and propeller separated from the airframe and were buried in about 3 ft of soft mud. The engine sustained extensive impact damage to the front, underside, and accessory case. The propeller remained attached to the crankshaft and the blades remained attached to the propeller hub assembly. Both blades exhibited leading edge polishing.

The engine was manually rotated using a drive tool at the vacuum pump accessory drive. The engine rotated freely and compression was produced in all four cylinders. Valve train and gear train continuity was confirmed during the engine rotation. The single-drive dual magneto separated from its mounting pad and suffered impact damage to its case. When the coupling was rotated by hand, blue spark was observed on only one lead at each rotation of the coupling; however, blue spark was observed on all leads at the left distributor in rotational order. The vacuum pump was removed and disassembled. The carbon rotor fractured into three pieces; however, all the vanes were whole and in position. The drive coupling was intact and undamaged.

A liquid consistent with water was present in the fuel flow divider under the diaphragm in a proportion estimated to be half of that of remaining liquid that was consistent with 100LL aviation fuel. 

Medical And Pathological Information

An autopsy was conducted under the authority of the Sonoma County Coroner, Petaluma, California. The cause of death for the pilot was attributed to multiple blunt force and thermal injuries.

The FAA Forensic Sciences Laboratory performed forensic toxicology testing on specimens from the pilot. According to the toxicology report, testing for carbon monoxide and cyanide was not performed, and no ethanol was detected in the urine. The testing identified 2.184 µg/ml doxylamine in the urine and 1.877 µg/ml in the liver. Doxylamine is a sedating antihistamine used to treat cold and allergy symptoms and available over-the-counter as a sleep aid.

Carl Morrison



































Controlled Flight Into Terrain: Mooney M20K, N123JN; fatal accident occurred February 12, 2018 near Bellingham International Airport (KBLI), Whatcom County, Washington



The National Transportation Safety Board traveled to the scene of this accident.

Additional Participating Entities:

Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Renton, Washington
Continental Motors Inc.
Mooney; Kerrville, Texas
 
Aviation Accident Factual Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms 

 
http://registry.faa.gov/N123JN


Location: Chuckanut, WA
Accident Number: ANC18FA024
Date & Time: 02/12/2018, 1913 PST
Registration:N123JN 
Aircraft: MOONEY AIRCRAFT CORP. M20
Aircraft Damage: Destroyed
Defining Event: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)
Injuries: 1 Fatal
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal 

On February 12, 2018, about 1913 Pacific standard time, a Mooney M20K airplane, N123JN, was destroyed when it was involved in an accident near Chuckanut, Washington. The private pilot sustained fatal injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight.

The co-owner of the airplane stated that the purpose of the flight was to re-position the airplane from Harvey Field (S43), Snohomish, Washington, to Bellingham International Airport (BLI), Bellingham, Washington, for maintenance. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) radar and automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data revealed that the flight departed S43 at 1851 and climbed to 4,300 ft mean sea level (msl) on a north-northwesterly course. About 1907, the airplane began a slow descent at 275 ft per minute (fpm).

At 1911, the pilot contacted the BLI air traffic control tower and reported his position 14 miles south of the airport and requested a straight-in approach. The tower controller issued a clearance for a visual approach to runway 34 and instructed the pilot to report 3 miles from the airport. There were no further radio communications from the pilot. Flight track data indicated a gradual increase in the descent rate to about 700 fpm at the last recorded position. During the last 2 minutes of the flight, the airplane's groundspeed slowed from 153 to 146 knots. The airplane's last recorded position was at 1913:08, about 9 miles south-southeast of the airport near the accident site and on a northwesterly course at an altitude of 1,975 ft msl. (See figure 1.)

At 2122, the FAA issued an alert notice (ALNOT) and the airplane was subsequently located about 2200 on the north side of Chuckanut Mountain in Larrabee State Park.


Figure 1. OpsVue flight path and wreckage location on a Google Earth image. 

Pilot Information

Certificate: Private
Age: 61, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s):None 
Toxicology Performed:Yes 
Medical Certification: Class 3 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 10/01/2016
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 12/29/2016
Flight Time:  760.1 hours (Total, all aircraft), 57 hours (Total, this make and model), 687.3 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 10 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 1.2 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 0.4 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)

The pilot's third class medical certificate was converted to a time-limited special issuance medical certificate on October 4, 2017, due to hypertension, cardiac disease, and sleep apnea; it was due to expire on October 31, 2018.

The pilot's family indicated that he was physically active and was managing his health well.

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: MOONEY AIRCRAFT CORP.
Registration: N123JN
Model/Series:M20 K 
Aircraft Category:Airplane 
Year of Manufacture: 1979
Amateur Built:No 
Airworthiness Certificate:Normal 
Serial Number: 25-0060
Landing Gear Type: Retractable - Tricycle
Seats:4 
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 01/24/2018, 100 Hour
Certified Max Gross Wt.:2900 lbs 
Time Since Last Inspection:8 Hours 
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 4782.2 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: CONT MOTOR
ELT: C91 installed, activated, aided in locating accident
Engine Model/Series: TSIO-360-LB1B
Registered Owner: FLYING LLAMA LLC
Rated Power: 210 hp
Operator:On file 
Operating Certificate(s) Held:None 

A flight time and fuel log was recovered from the wreckage. The fuel quantity logged at the end of the previous flight was 35 gallons, which would have been enough for over 2 hours of flight at an average fuel burn rate of 13 gallons per hour. Fueling receipts corresponded to the last recorded fueling. The accident flight was about 30 minutes.

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light:Night 
Observation Facility, Elevation: KBLI, 149 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 9 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 0253 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 341°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility: 10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: Calm /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: / None
Wind Direction:
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual:
Altimeter Setting: 30.34 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point:-1°C / -6°C 
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: SNOHOMISH, WA (S43)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: BELLINGHAM, WA (BLI)
Type of Clearance:VFR 
Departure Time: 1851 PST
Type of Airspace: Class G

Astronomical data from the US Naval Observatory indicated that sunset on the day of the accident occurred at 1726. Moon set was at 1437.

Airport Information

Airport: Bellingham Intl (BLI)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation:171 ft 
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 34
IFR Approach:None 
Runway Length/Width: 6700 ft / 150 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Straight-in

Bellingham International Airport is a part-time tower-controlled (Class D) airport located at an elevation of 171 ft msl. Runway 16/34 is 6,700 ft long and 150 ft wide. Runway 34 did not have an approach lighting system, but was equipped with runway end identifier and precision approach path indicator (PAPI) lights. The airport lights were operating the night of the accident. 

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 Fatal
Aircraft Damage: Destroyed
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 Fatal
Latitude, Longitude: 48.655000, -122.465278 (est) 

The accident site was located on the north face of the mountain in an area of dense forest with no lighted structures. Aerial photographs indicated that the initial impact point was a section of tall trees (about 50 to 75 ft tall) on a ridge (elevation 1,900 ft msl) above the wreckage. All major components were located at the site. Large portions of the fragmented airplane were scattered along a 1,200-ft-long debris path, which started on the ridgeline and continued on a heading of 344° through large trees down to an elevation of 1,589 ft. (See figures 2 and 3.)


Figure 2. Aerial image of initial impact tree strikes on south side of Chuckanut Mountain. 
(Image courtesy of US Customs and Border Patrol.)

Figure 3. Fragmented wreckage on the north side of Chuckanut Mountain with flight track path in red.

The outboard wing sections and flaps were separated and located at the top of the debris field. The wings exhibited 12- to 18-inch-wide semicircular indentations in the leading edges consistent with high-speed tree strikes in level flight. The fuel tanks were breached and no measurable fuel was present. The speed brakes were retracted. A portion of the empennage, separated rudder, and horizontal stabilizers were located downhill and exhibited leading edge tree strike damage similar to the wings. The main fuselage and center wing section came to rest midway in the debris field. The flap control actuator indicated that the flaps were in the retracted position. The propeller was separated from the engine. One propeller blade indicated chordwise scrapes and leading edge nicks. Propeller strikes and cuts were evident in nearby tree debris. Two cockpit sections were downhill of the main wreckage and exhibited substantial deformation. The altimeter setting was 30.40, which was .06 higher than the local pressure setting of 30.34 at BLI at the time of the accident.

The engine came to rest at the far north end of the debris field against a tree. A detailed examination of the engine established mechanical continuity throughout the engine, valve train, and accessory section. Thumb compression was obtained on all cylinders and a borescope examination revealed no preaccident anomalies with the cylinder barrels, pistons, cylinder heads, and valves. The magnetos produced ignition spark at the leads when the crankshaft was manually rotated. The fuel manifold valve was disassembled; residual fuel was found in the housing and the screen was unobstructed. The turbocharger was partially disassembled and revealed no preaccident anomalies. The vacuum pump was removed and disassembled. The shear coupling was intact but displayed torsional twisting and a semi-circular score mark indicative of rotation at the time of impact.

An examination of the flight control system revealed control pushrod fractures and separations consistent with impact damage and tension overload at the attachment fittings. Full flight control functionality could not be established due to fragmentation and deformation in the forward fuselage. The stabilizer trim jack screw was fractured at the actuator box and not recovered. The forward (cockpit) pitch trim actuator was bent within the trim assembly and the travel lug was in the full forward position, which is beyond the normal range of measurement in the full nose-down direction.

A JPI EDM-830 engine data monitor was recovered from the wreckage and downloaded by the NTSB. Data from the last 7 flights, including the accident flight, were recorded at 6-second intervals; this data included exhaust gas temperatures, cylinder head temperatures, RPM, and manifold pressure. The turbocharger inlet temperature (TIT) sensor did not record data.

The engine data for the accident flight indicated that the engine was running about 2,400 rpm and 24-inches manifold pressure during the final descent until the last 3 data points, during which all parameters, except engine rpm, indicated a decrease. There were no engine performance anomalies indicated in the data.

Medical And Pathological Information

The Whatcom County Medical Examiner, Bellingham, Washington, performed an autopsy of the pilot. The pilot's cause of death was massive trauma. Toxicology testing of the pilot was performed at the FAA Forensic Sciences Laboratory. Fluid and tissue specimens tested negative for ethanol and other drugs.

Additional Information

Chuckanut Mountain, which was located along the intended route of flight, was visible as elevated terrain on the Seattle VFR Sectional chart. Its highest elevation (1,900 ft) was not depicted; however, the elevation of a higher mountain 2 miles southeast of Chuckanut was noted as 2,320 ft.