Wednesday, June 19, 2019

Aerodynamic Stall: Tecnam P2002 Sierra, N75SY, accident occurred July 05, 2018 at San Carlos Airport (KSQL), San Mateo County, California

Additional Participating Entity: 
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; San Jose, California 

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board:  https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Aviation Accident Data Summary - National Transportation Safety Board:  https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


http://registry.faa.gov/N75SY


Location: San Carlos, CA 
Accident Number: GAA18CA395
Date & Time: 07/05/2018, 1530 PDT
Registration: N75SY
Aircraft: COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE TECNA P2002 SIERRA
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Aerodynamic stall/spin
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal

Analysis 

The pilot reported that, while landing in a crosswind, the approach was "too low," and he added power. The airplane then "rolled and veered" left. He added that marks on the terrain indicated that the left wing struck the ground, and tracks showed that the airplane touched down on the pavement before the runway threshold. The airplane then exited the runway, the nose landing gear collapsed, and the airplane came to rest nose down.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the engine mount, left wing, and fuselage.

The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

The automated weather observation system located at the airport reported that, about the time of the accident, the wind was from 330° at 8 knots. The pilot landed the airplane on runway 30. 

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The pilot's failure to maintain a proper glidepath and crosswind correction during landing, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.

Findings

Aircraft
Descent/approach/glide path - Not attained/maintained (Cause)
Crosswind correction - Not attained/maintained (Cause)

Personnel issues
Aircraft control - Pilot (Cause)

Environmental issues
Crosswind - Response/compensation (Cause)
Crosswind - Effect on operation

Factual Information

History of Flight

Approach-VFR go-around
Aerodynamic stall/spin (Defining event)

Landing
Landing area undershoot
Runway excursion
Landing gear collapse
Nose over/nose down

Pilot Information

Certificate: Private
Age: 72, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied:Left 
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: Unknown
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Sport Pilot
Last FAA Medical Exam:
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 07/23/2016
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 802 hours (Total, all aircraft), 277 hours (Total, this make and model), 802 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 9 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 3 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft) 

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: COSTRUZIONI AERONAUTICHE TECNAM
Registration: N75SY
Model/Series: P2002 SIERRA
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 2008
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Special Light-Sport
Serial Number: 359
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 2
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 02/15/2018, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 1320 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 355.1 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: Rotax
ELT: Installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: 912ULS
Registered Owner: On file
Rated Power: 100 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KSQL, 5 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 2247 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 7°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 8 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 330°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 30.12 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 23°C / 12°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: San Carlos, CA (SQL)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: San Carlos, CA (SQL)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 1500 PDT
Type of Airspace: Class D

Airport Information

Airport: SAN CARLOS (SQL)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation:5 ft 
Runway Surface Condition:Dry 
Runway Used: 30
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 2600 ft / 75 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude: 37.515278, -122.250278 (est)

Ground Collision: Cessna 208B Grand Caravan, N208EE, accident occurred July 04, 2018 at O'Hare International Airport (KORD), Chicago, Illinois

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Chicago, Illinois

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


Aviation Accident Data Summary - National Transportation Safety Board:  https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


http://registry.faa.gov/N208EE
 


Location: Chicago, IL
Accident Number: GAA18CA409
Date & Time: 07/04/2018, 0723 CDT
Registration: N208EE
Aircraft: Cessna 208
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Ground collision
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 135: Air Taxi & Commuter - Scheduled

Analysis 

The manager of regulatory compliance for the operator reported that a service truck had impacted the airplane, which resulted in substantial damage to the left wing. He added that the first officer was on the ground and that the captain was in the terminal at the time of impact.

The Federal Aviation Administrator (FAA) inspector reported that the flight crew reported that the captain was on-board the airplane and that the first officer was on the ground at the time of impact. The airplane was scheduled to depart in 1 hour, and they were preparing to fuel the airplane.

The FAA inspector added that the service truck driver reported that he was crossing the taxiway on the zipper road, and as he approached the main terminal road, a bag cart tug pulled out in front of him, causing him to swerve into the parked airplane.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing.

The manager reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The service truck driver's evasive maneuver to avoid a bag cart tug, which resulted in the truck impacting a parked airplane.

Findings

Personnel issues
Use of equip/info - Ground crew (Cause)
Task monitoring/vigilance - Ground crew (Cause)

Environmental issues
Ground vehicle - Effect on operation (Cause)

Factual Information

History of Flight

Prior to flight
Ground collision (Defining event)

Pilot Information

Certificate: Commercial
Age: 26, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: 3-point
Instrument Rating(s):Airplane 
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 1 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 03/22/2018
Occupational Pilot: Yes
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 04/07/2018
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 1506 hours (Total, all aircraft), 1211 hours (Total, this make and model), 536 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 261 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 86 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft) 

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Cessna
Registration: N208EE
Model/Series: 208 B
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture:2006 
Amateur Built:No 
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 208B1213
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 10
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 06/27/2018, AAIP
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 8752 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Turbo Prop
Airframe Total Time: 6800 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: P&W Canada
ELT: C126 installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: PT6A-114A
Registered Owner: Multi-Aero Inc
Rated Power:675 hp 
Operator: MULTI-AERO INC
Operating Certificate(s) Held: Commuter Air Carrier (135)
Operator Does Business As: Air Choice One
Operator Designator Code: MUIA 

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KORD, 674 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 2 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 1351 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 317°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Few / 3500 ft agl
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling:
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 6 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 220°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 30.23 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 28°C / 23°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Ironwood, MI (IWD)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: IFR
Destination: Chicago, IL (ORD)
Type of Clearance:None 
Departure Time: 0420 CDT
Type of Airspace: Class B

Airport Information

Airport: CHICAGO O'HARE INTL (ORD)
Runway Surface Type: N/A
Airport Elevation: 680 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: N/A
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 
VFR Approach/Landing: None 

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries:N/A 
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude:  41.974167, -87.907778 (est)

Loss of Control on Ground: Smith Trike, N11VW, accident occurred July 04, 2018 in Lewistown, Fulton County, Illinois

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Springfield

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


Aviation Accident Data Summary - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


http://registry.faa.gov/N11VW


Location: Lewiston, IL
Accident Number: GAA18CA397
Date & Time: 07/04/2018, 0835 CDT
Registration: N11VW
Aircraft: ROBERT MILES Smith Trike
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of control on ground
Injuries: 1 Minor
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal

Analysis 

The pilot reported that, during cruise flight into "wispy clouds," the plane’s engine started to "run rough" then lost all power. About 800 ft above ground level, he restarted the engine, but it quit again. He attempted to restart the engine multiple times but was unsuccessful, so he selected a gravel road for landing. During the landing, the airplane ground looped into a ditch. The biplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing. 

The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the biplane that would have precluded normal operation.

The automated weather observation station located 25 nautical miles away from the accident site reported that, about the time of the accident, the wind was from 170° at 5 knots, visibility 7 statute miles, clouds broken at 4,800 ft above ground level, temperature 77°F, and dew point 75°F.

The pilot stated that he did not apply carburetor heat during the accident flight. The atmospheric conditions were conducive to serious icing at glide power settings. It is likely that the engine lost power due to carburetor icing and the pilot’s failure to apply carburetor heat.

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
A total loss of engine power due to the pilot's failure to apply carburetor heat in conditions conducive to carburetor icing and his subsequent failure to maintain directional control during a forced landing.

Findings

Aircraft
Directional control - Not attained/maintained (Cause)
Intake anti-ice, deice - Not used/operated (Cause)

Personnel issues
Aircraft control - Pilot (Cause)
Lack of action - Pilot (Cause)

Environmental issues
Conducive to carburetor icing - Effect on operation (Cause)

Factual Information

History of Flight

Enroute
Loss of engine power (total)

Landing
Attempted remediation/recovery
Off-field or emergency landing

Landing-landing roll
Loss of control on ground (Defining event) 

Pilot Information

Certificate: Private
Age: 72, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Single
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: Lap Only
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 12/01/2017
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 04/20/2018
Flight Time:   (Estimated) 770 hours (Total, all aircraft), 73 hours (Total, this make and model), 750 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 5.6 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 4.6 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 0.8 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: ROBERT MILES
Registration: N11VW
Model/Series: Smith Trike
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1991
Amateur Built: Yes
Airworthiness Certificate: Experimental; Aerobatic
Serial Number: 001RM
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 1
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 05/07/2018, Condition
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 940 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 72.8 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: Continental
ELT: Not installed
Engine Model/Series: A&C65 SERIES
Registered Owner: On file
Rated Power: 80 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KMQB, 707 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 25 Nautical Miles
Observation Time:1335 UTC 
Direction from Accident Site: 295°
Lowest Cloud Condition:
Visibility:  7 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: Broken / 4800 ft agl
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 5 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 170°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 30.23 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 25°C / 24°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Springfield, IL (SPI)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: VFR
Destination: Monmouth, IL (C66)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 0615 CDT
Type of Airspace: Class G

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 Minor
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries:N/A 
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 Minor
Latitude, Longitude:  40.346111, -90.168056 (est)

Loss of Control on Ground: Zenith STOL CH 701, N127VV, accident occurred July 04, 2018 at San Saba County Municipal Airport (81R), Texas

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; North Texas, Texas

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


Aviation Accident Data Summary - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


http://registry.faa.gov/N127VV


Location: San Saba, TX
Accident Number: GAA18CA393
Date & Time: 07/04/2018, 0915 CDT
Registration: N127VV
Aircraft: Zenair ZENITH STOL CH 701
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of control on ground
Injuries: 2 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal

Analysis 

The pilot reported that, during takeoff, he applied right rudder to counteract the left turning tendencies of the airplane, but the airplane continued left of the runway centerline. He was unable to correct back to the runway centerline when the airplane was about 5 to 10 ft above the ground, so he decided to abort the takeoff and land on the grass left of the runway. During the landing, the airplane landed hard, the nose landing gear "dug" into the grass, and the airplane nosed over.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the wings and empennage.

The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The pilot's improper landing flare during the aborted takeoff, which resulted in a hard landing and a nose-over.

Findings

Aircraft
Landing flare - Not attained/maintained (Cause)

Personnel issues
Aircraft control - Pilot (Cause)

Environmental issues
Soft surface - Effect on operation

Factual Information

History of Flight

Takeoff
Miscellaneous/other
Attempted remediation/recovery

Landing
Hard landing

Takeoff-rejected takeoff
Loss of control on ground (Defining event)
Nose over/nose down

Pilot Information

Certificate: Sport Pilot
Age: 60, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: 3-point
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Sport Pilot
Last FAA Medical Exam:
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 05/18/2018
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 581.3 hours (Total, all aircraft), 6.3 hours (Total, this make and model), 469.9 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 25.4 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 4.1 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 0.3 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Zenair
Registration: N127VV
Model/Series: ZENITH STOL CH 701 No Series
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 2003
Amateur Built: Yes
Airworthiness Certificate: Experimental
Serial Number: 74326
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 2
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 09/08/2017, Condition
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 1100 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 816.5 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: Rotax
ELT: C91A installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: 912ULS
Registered Owner:On file 
Rated Power: 100 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KAQO, 1102 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 27 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 1410 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 174°
Lowest Cloud Condition:
Visibility: 
Lowest Ceiling:
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts:
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction:
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual:  N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting:
Temperature/Dew Point:
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: San Saba, TX (81R)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: VFR
Destination: Llano, TX (AQO)
Type of Clearance: VFR
Departure Time: 0915 CDT
Type of Airspace: Class G

Airport Information

Airport: SAN SABA COUNTY MUNI (81R)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 1255 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 13
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 4205 ft / 60 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: None

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 2 None
Latitude, Longitude: 31.237222, -98.719167 (est)

Loss of Lift: Schempp-Hirth Discus CS, N1122Q, accident occurred July 03, 2018 in Pomfret, Windsor County, Vermont

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Portland, Maine

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


Aviation Accident Data Summary - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


https://registry.faa.gov/N1122Q




Location: Pomfret, VT
Accident Number: GAA18CA392
Date & Time: 07/03/2018, 1630 EDT
Registration: N1122Q
Aircraft: Schempp Hirth DISCUS CS
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of lift
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Air Race/Show 

Analysis

According to the glider pilot, during a glider competition, he passed a "weak frontal system," and lift could not be sustained. He selected a large field for landing, established a traffic pattern, and accomplished a full-stall landing. However, during the landing roll on down-sloping terrain about 40 knots, the glider collided with a ditch.

The glider sustained substantial damage to the tailboom.

The pilot reported that there were no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the glider that would have precluded normal operation.

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The glider pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing area, which resulted in a collision with a ditch during the landing roll.

Findings

Personnel issues
Decision making/judgment - Pilot (Cause)

Environmental issues
Sloped/uneven terrain - Effect on operation (Cause)

Factual Information

History of Flight

Enroute-cruise
Other weather encounter
Loss of lift (Defining event)

Landing-landing roll
Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT)

Pilot Information

Certificate: Private
Age: 63, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Single
Other Aircraft Rating(s): Glider
Restraint Used: Unknown
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 12/19/2017
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 10/01/2017
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 3457 hours (Total, all aircraft), 347 hours (Total, this make and model), 3285 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 44 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 36 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 8 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft) 

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Schempp Hirth
Registration: N1122Q
Model/Series: DISCUS CS No Series
Aircraft Category: Glider
Year of Manufacture: 2003
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Experimental
Serial Number: 307CS
Landing Gear Type: Tailwheel
Seats: 1
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 05/15/2018, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 1157 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines:
Airframe Total Time: 576 Hours
Engine Manufacturer:
ELT: C91  installed, activated, did not aid in locating accident
Engine Model/Series:
Registered Owner: Throttle Up Inc
Rated Power:
Operator: Throttle Up Inc
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KLEB, 570 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 10 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 2053 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 124°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 9 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: /
Wind Direction: 340°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: /
Altimeter Setting: 30.16 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 35°C / 17°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Springfield, VT (VSF)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Springfield, VT (VSF)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 1300 EDT
Type of Airspace: Class E 

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude:  43.704722, -72.515556 (est)

Hard Landing: Cessna 172P Skyhawk, N6508K, accident occurred July 02, 2018 at Oakland/Troy Airport (KVLL), Oakland County, Michigan

Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Grand Rapids, Michigan

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms  


Aviation Accident Data Summary - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


http://registry.faa.gov/N6508K


Location: Troy, MI
Accident Number: GAA18CA391
Date & Time: 07/02/2018, 0720 EDT
Registration: N6508K
Aircraft: Cessna 172
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Hard landing
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Instructional

Analysis

The solo student pilot reported that, during landing, the airplane slowed, and the stall warning sounded as the main landing gear contacted the runway. He added that it appeared that the airplane had landed, but he then observed the nose drop below the horizon. He added power to go around, but the nosewheel impacted the runway, and the airplane pitched "rearward." Subsequently, the airplane porpoised, the nose landing gear strut collapsed, and he aborted the go-around. The student taxied the airplane to park without further incident.

The flight instructor reported that he witnessed that the airplane on approach was a little flat but did not appear to be unstable. The student then pitched the airplane for the numbers, the airplane floated down the runway, and it then touched down in a flat attitude. Subsequently, the airplane bounced 2 to 3 ft, porpoised, and the student was then able to taxi from the runway. The flight instructor added that the student was too late on the flare and that all of the energy came down on the nosewheel.

The airplane sustained substantial damage to the fuselage.

The student reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

The automated weather observation system at the airport reported that, about the time of the accident, the wind was from 250° at 7 knots. The student pilot landed the airplane on runway 27.

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The student pilot's failure to maintain a proper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, porpoised landing during an aborted go-around.

Findings

Aircraft
Landing flare - Not attained/maintained (Cause)

Personnel issues
Aircraft control - Student pilot (Cause)

Factual Information

History of Flight

Landing
Hard landing (Defining event)
Attempted remediation/recovery
Loss of control on ground
Landing gear collapse 

Student Pilot Information

Certificate: Student
Age: 60, Male
Airplane Rating(s): None
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: 3-point
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 10/10/2017
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 46.5 hours (Total, all aircraft), 40.5 hours (Total, this make and model)

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Cessna
Registration: N6508K
Model/Series: 172 P
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1980
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal; Utility
Serial Number: 17274205
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 05/30/2018, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2400 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 9945 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: Lycoming
ELT: Installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: O-320-A4M
Registered Owner: Troy Oakland Pilots Flying Club Inc
Rated Power: 180 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Dawn
Observation Facility, Elevation: KVLL, 716 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 1122 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 71°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 7 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / Terrain-Induced
Wind Direction: 250°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / Light
Altimeter Setting: 29.98 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 26°C / 22°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Troy, MI (VLL)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Troy, MI (VLL)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 0700 EDT
Type of Airspace: Class G

Airport Information

Airport: OAKLAND/TROY (VLL)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 727 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 27
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width:  3549 ft / 60 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop; Go Around; Traffic Pattern

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude: 42.542778, -83.178889 (est)