Flight Standards District Office: FAA Jackson FSDO-31
14 CFR Part 137: Agricultural
Accident occurred Tuesday, July 01, 2014 in Clarksdale, MS
Probable Cause Approval Date: 10/19/2015
Aircraft: AIR TRACTOR INC AT-602, registration: N91331
Injuries: 1 Fatal.
NTSB investigators either traveled in support of this investigation or conducted a significant amount of investigative work without any travel, and used data obtained from various sources to prepare this aircraft accident report.
During an aerial application flight, the pilot initiated a low-level right turn to reverse course. A witness saw the airplane's bank angle increase to vertical, and the airplane subsequently descended into the ground. Examination of the accident site indicated a relatively straight-line impact path with the airplane's right wing tip hitting first followed by the nose. Examination of the wreckage revealed no preexisting mechanical anomalies that would have precluded normal operation; the engine was under power at impact, and the propeller was in the normal operating (not feathered) range. In addition, an autopsy of the pilot did not note any pertinent preexisting medical conditions. The airplane's high angle-of-bank turn, its subsequent descent to ground impact, and the resultant wreckage path were consistent with an accelerated stall.
The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows:
The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during a low-level, high angle-of-bank turn, which resulted in an exceedance of the critical angle of attack and a subsequent accelerated stall.
HISTORY OF FLIGHT
On July 1, 2014, about 1730 central daylight time, an Air Tractor AT-602, N91331, operated by Shannon Agricultural Flying, Inc., was destroyed when it impacted a bean field in Clarksdale, Mississippi. The commercial pilot was fatally injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and the airplane, which departed Shannon Field (02CD), Clarksdale, Mississippi, was not operating on a flight plan. The local aerial application flight was conducted under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 137.
According to company personnel and onboard GPS data, the airplane was applying fertilizer in both directions in an east-west race track pattern. After completing each leg, the airplane would make a 20- to 30-degree left turn, followed by a right turn to reverse course and fly the next track. The GPS track indicated that the airplane was on its fourth circuit, with the data ending prior to the final turn.
A witness on his lawn mower noticed the airplane when it flew over his property about 150 feet above the ground. He heard the airplane's engine running over the sound of the mower, and saw the airplane turn right, to the north, and the wings go vertical. The airplane then impacted the ground, and when it did, the witness saw smoke and fertilizer being ejected upwards. The witness then went to the wreckage and found the pilot unresponsive.
PILOT INFORMATION
The pilot, age 58, held commercial pilot certificate with an airplane single engine land rating. His latest FAA second class medical certificate was issued February 27, 2014. The latest flight time logged by the pilot indicated 12,051 hours of flight time with 4,358 hours in airplane make and model.
A calendar with recorded Hobbs times for each flight was found in the wreckage. For the day preceding the accident, the pilot logged five events for a total of 8.2 hours of airplane operation. On the day of the accident, prior to the accident flight, the pilot logged six events for a total of 6.3 hours of airplane operation. The Hobbs meter after the accident flight indicated an additional 0.3 hours.
AIRPLANE INFORMATION
The low-wing, conventional landing gear (tail dragger) agricultural application airplane was powered by a Pratt and Whitney Canada PT6A-60AG engine driving a Hartzell five-bladed, hydraulically operated, constant speed propeller with feathering and reversing capabilities. Oil pressure from the propeller governor was used to move the blades to the low pitch direction. Blade-mounted counterweights and feathering springs would have actuated the blades towards the high pitch direction in the absence of governor oil pressure. The propeller incorporated a Beta mechanism that actuated when blade angles were lower than the flight idle position. The blades were of aluminum construction, and the hub and blade clamps were steel. Propeller rotation was clockwise as viewed from the rear.
The airplane's latest annual inspection was recorded on November 25, 2013, at 5,200 hours of operating time.
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION
Weather, recorded at an airport about 10 nautical miles to the north, at 1735, included clear skies, wind form 200 degrees true at 9 knots, temperature 32 degrees C, dew point 24 degrees true, altimeter setting 29.90 inches Hg.
WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION
The initial impact occurred on flat terrain in the vicinity of 34 degrees north, 06.34 minutes north latitude, 090 degrees, 34.26 minutes west longitude, at an elevation of about 160 feet. The wreckage path, which began with green lens material, included airplane parts centered along an almost straight line, about 360 degrees magnetic. Approximately 75 feet beyond the initial impact point, there was a 3-foot-deep, 10-foot-long crater with the propeller hub and four of the five propeller blades partially embedded at its right edge. Beginning about 20 feet beyond the crater was the fifth propeller blade and the rest of the airplane.
The airplane was fractured into multiple sections and pieces, with all flight control surfaces located at the scene. The cockpit and rollover structure were intact. Flight control continuity was confirmed via the control cables from the cockpit to the rudder and elevator, and through push rod and bellcrank fractures to the ailerons.
After the airplane's removal to a storage facility, the engine was partially disassembled. Soil was found in the gas generator case and throughout the combustion section. The compressor turbine blade tips exhibited smearing and the turbine shroud exhibited corresponding circumferential rubbing. The compressor disc outer rim exhibited circumferential rubbing with frictional heat discoloration and material in the vicinity of the 1st stage power turbine vane ring and baffle. The findings were all consistent with the engine being under power at impact.
Of the five propeller blades, Nos. 1 through 3 remained attached to the hub via the clamps, and Nos. 4 and 5 were fractured off the hub. The latter two blades left witness marks on the hub. Those two marks and a cylinder-to-piston contact mark were consistent with propeller pitch being in the normal operating range and not feathered upon ground impact.
MEDICAL AND PATHLOGICAL INFORMATION
An autopsy of the pilot was conducted at the Mississippi State Medical Examiner's Office, Jackson Mississippi, where cause of death was reported as "multiple blunt force injuries." Toxicological testing was conducted by the FAA, Forensic Toxicology
Research Team, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, with no anomalies noted.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
According to FAA-H-8083-25, "Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge," Chapter 3, "The stalling speed of an airplane is higher in a level turn than in straight-and-level flight. This is because centrifugal force is added to the airplane's weight, and the wing must produce sufficient additional lift to counterbalance the load imposed by the combination of centrifugal force and weight. In a turn, the necessary additional lift is acquired by applying back pressure to the elevator control. This increases the wing's angle of attack, and results in increased lift. The angle of attack must increase as angle of bank increases to counteract the increasing load caused by centrifugal force. If at any time during the turn the attack of attack becomes excessive, the airplane will stall."
The Handbook further notes: "At the point of stall when the upward force of the wing's lift and the downward tail force cease, an unbalanced condition exists. This allows the airplane to pitch down abruptly, rotating about its center of gravity."
According to FAA-H-8083-3a, "Airplane Flying Handbook," Chapter 4, "At the same gross weight, airplane configuration, and power setting, a given airplane will consistently stall at the same indicated airspeed if no acceleration is involved. The airplane will, however, stall at a higher indicated airspeed when excessive maneuvering loads are imposed by steep turns, pull-ups, or other abrupt changes in its flight path. Stalls entered from such flight situations are called "accelerated maneuver stalls, a term, which has no reference to the airspeeds involved."
In addition, "Stalls which result from abrupt maneuvers tend to be more rapid, or severe, than the unaccelerated stalls, and because they occur at higher-than-normal airspeeds, and/or may occur at lower than anticipated pitch attitudes, they may be unexpected."
NTSB Identification: ERA14FA322
14 CFR Part 137: Agricultural
Accident occurred Tuesday, July 01, 2014 in Clarksdale, MS
Aircraft: AIR TRACTOR INC AT-602, registration: N91331
Injuries: 1 Fatal.
This is preliminary information, subject to change, and may contain errors. Any errors in this report will be corrected when the final report has been completed. NTSB investigators either traveled in support of this investigation or conducted a significant amount of investigative work without any travel, and used data obtained from various sources to prepare this aircraft accident report.
On July 1, 2014, about 1730 central daylight time, an Air Tractor AT-602, N91331, operated by Shannon Agricultural Flying, Inc., was destroyed when it impacted a bean field in Clarksburg, Mississippi. The commercial pilot was fatally injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and the airplane, which departed Shannon Field (02CD), Clarksdale, Mississippi, was not operating on a flight plan. The local aerial application flight was conducted under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 137.
According to company personnel and GPS data, the airplane was applying fertilizer in both directions in an east-west race track pattern. After completing each leg, the airplane would make a 20- to 30-degree left turn, followed by a right turn to reverse course and fly the next track. The GPS data ended prior to the final turn.
A witness on his lawn mower noted the airplane when it flew over his property about 150 feet above the ground. He heard the airplane's engine running over the sound of the mower, and saw the airplane turn right, to the north, and the wings become vertical. The airplane then impacted the ground, and when it did, the witness saw smoke and fertilizer being ejected up into air. The witness then went to the wreckage and found the pilot unresponsive.
The initial impact occurred on flat terrain in the vicinity of 34 degrees north, 06.34 minutes north latitude, 090 degrees, 34.26 minutes west longitude, at an elevation of about 160 feet. The wreckage path, which began with green lens material, headed about 360 degrees magnetic. Approximately 75 feet beyond the initial impact point, there was a 3-foot-deep, 10-foot-long crater with the propeller hub and four of the five propeller blades partially embedded at its right edge. Beginning about 20 feet beyond the crater, was the fifth propeller blade and the rest of the airplane.
The airplane was fractured into multiple sections and pieces, with all flight control surfaces located at the scene. Flight control continuity was confirmed via the control cables from the cockpit to the rudder and elevator, and through push rod and bellcrank fractures to the ailerons.
After the airplane's removal to a storage facility, the engine was partially disassembled. Soil was found in the gas generator case and throughout the combustion section, the compressor turbine blade tips exhibited smearing and the turbine shroud exhibited corresponding circumferential rubbing, and the compressor disc outer rim and blade platforms exhibited circumferential rubbing with frictional heat discoloration and material in the vicinity of the 1st stage power turbine vane ring and baffle, all of which was consistent with the engine being under power at impact.
One of the five propeller blades exhibited torsional bending, and two blades remaining in the hub left witness marks consistent with propeller pitch being in "the normal operating range" and not feathered.
Obituary
Ronny Eugene Leist
Biloxi, Mississippi
Mr. Leist graduated from Lee Academy in Clarksdale and attended Ole Miss.
Survivors include: wife of 22 years Shirley Barrett Leist; son Clint Barrett Brower both of Biloxi, MS; daughters Elizabeth Hupp (Don) of D'Iberville, MS and Olivia Simpson of Clarksdale, MS; sister Sandra Smith of Clarksdale, MS and grandchildren Anna Claire Mills, Hilton Blue Gerych, Barrett Leigh Simpson, Clint Barrett Brower Jr., Baylee Faye Brower, Annsleigh Raygan Simpson, Beau Anthony Brower and Karsen Blaine Ferretti.
Preceded in death by his parents Dr. Steve and Margie Bridges Leist and brother Charlie Leist.
In lieu of flowers, memorials may be sent to St. Paul's United Methodist Church, 1012 West Second St., Clarksdale, MS 38614 or donor's choice.
COAHOMA COUNTY, MS - One fatality has been reported in a plane crash that happened on Tuesday in Coahoma County, Miss.
Chopper 5 was over the crash site near Highway 61 and 49 near the Tallahatchie County Line just before sundown.
The Coahoma County coroner confirms the pilot's name as Ronny Leist, and we are told the FAA will be at the scene on Monday.
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