NTSB Identification: WPR14LA233
14 CFR Part 91: General Aviation
Accident occurred Saturday, June 07, 2014 in Polson, MT
Probable Cause Approval Date: 04/26/2016
Aircraft: North Wing Apache Sport, registration: N2804P
Injuries: 1 Fatal.
NTSB investigators may not have traveled in support of this investigation and used data provided by various sources to prepare this aircraft accident report.
The private pilot had just installed the wing on the experimental light sport, weight-shift-control trike, and the accident flight was the first test flight since the wing’s installation. The owner of the trike reported that he observed the trike’s takeoff, climbout, and initial turns and that they appeared normal; however, after the trike crossed midfield, it entered an aggressive turn, which progressed into a corkscrewing descent into terrain. The pilot did not deploy the ballistic recovery parachute during the descent, and he sustained fatal injuries.
The newly installed wing was not serialized, so its specific type could not be determined. According to a trike manufacturer representative, the wing was manufactured under previous ownership and was likely designed for a smaller trike; however, the combined weight of the trike, pilot, and fuel were within the trike’s allowable gross weight limit, and the wing appeared to be attached at the correct keel hang point position.
Postaccident examination of the airframe and engine did not reveal any anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. Witnesses reported that the engine was operating throughout the flight and descent, and propeller damage signatures indicated that the engine was operating at the time of impact.
The pilot was operating under the provisions of sport pilot regulations; therefore, he was not required to hold a current Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) medical certificate as long as his most recent medical certificate had not been suspended or revoked. His most recent FAA medical certificate was issued about 5 years before the accident. At that time, he received a special issuance certificate valid for 2 years due to a history of high blood pressure and coronary artery disease, which had been treated with a stent. The autopsy of the pilot revealed evidence of coronary artery disease, including evidence of a previous heart attack. Therefore, the pilot’s coronary artery disease increased his risk of experiencing another acute coronary event, including a heart attack and/or arrhythmia, that could have been incapacitating but left no clear evidence to be found during the autopsy.
Further, toxicology testing detected two opioid pain medications, hydrocodone and tramadol, both of which are potentially impairing, in the pilot’s blood. The drug’s detected levels were well above typical therapeutic levels; the hydrocodone level was more than 3 times the upper therapeutic limit, and the tramadol level was 28 times the upper therapeutic limit, indicating that the pilot was chronically taking high doses of these medications. Even higher levels of tramadol were measured in the pilot’s gastric contents, indicating that he may have taken a large dose of the extended release capsules fairly soon before the flight. Tramadol, particularly at high doses and in combination with other opioids, is associated with an increased risk of seizure, and an acute seizure would have caused the pilot to become incapacitated.
The trike’s descending flight trajectory and the pilot’s failure to deploy the ballistic recovery parachute or shut off the engine in preparation for such a deployment indicate that he likely experienced an incapacitating medical event. Based on the pilot’s medical history and the toxicology findings, it is likely that the pilot became incapacitated by either a seizure due to his tramadol use or a cardiac event.
The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows:
The pilot’s loss of airplane control during initial climb due to his experiencing an incapacitating medical event.
HISTORY OF FLIGHT
On June 7, 2014, about 0700 mountain daylight time, an experimental light sport North Wing Apache Sport, N2804P, collided with terrain following takeoff from Polson Airport, Polson, Montana. The weight-shift-control trike was registered to a private party and operated by the pilot under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. The private pilot sustained fatal injuries. The aircraft was destroyed during the accident sequence. The local flight departed Polson about 0658. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed.
The owner of the trike stated that it was originally equipped with a Mustang III 19 meter wing, which he had determined was larger than needed. Therefore, he ordered a 15-meter wing, which was scheduled to arrive in 8 weeks. The accident pilot owned a similarly equipped trike with floats, and asked the owner if he could use the 19-meter wing, and in the interim give him his 16-meter wing to use while he waited for the 15-meter wing to arrive. The owner agreed, and the day before the accident, the pilot flew the trike for about 20 to 30 minutes with the original 19-meter wing installed.
Later that night, after dinner, they both spent the evening in the hangar assembling and attaching the 16-meter wing, completing the installation by 2300. They reviewed the installation, and the pilot said he would test fly the trike in the morning, cautiously takeoff, and fly low over the runway while ascertaining the handling characteristics. If it could be controlled safely, he would then continue the climb and perform practice maneuvers.
The owner observed the takeoff on the morning of the accident, reporting that the trike rotated from runway 36, and then climbed in a controlled manner. The climb progressed as the trike began turning left, and then left again onto a left downwind leg. When it reached midfield, it turned left and crossed over the runway heading east over the fairgrounds. He felt that the trike was performing as expected, and appeared to be under control.
A short time later, it began a steep 360-degree turn. The owner was initially not concerned because the pilot had a habit of performing tight descending turns. The pilot also stated that he had lots of experience flying the wing, and was able to "just corkscrew [the wing] down to the ground."
The turn continued, progressing into a "corkscrew" descent. The owner began to become concerned, and was hoping to see the ballistic recovery parachute deploy but it did not, and the aircraft disappeared out of his view. He estimated the aircraft made between 6-8 revolutions during the descent. He surmised that there was plenty of time and altitude to pull the ballistic recovery parachute, and he could not work out why the pilot didn't do so.
Another witness, located in a recreational vehicle park adjoining the east side of the airport, observed an "ultralight" aircraft flying from the direction of the airport at an altitude that seemed appropriate based on his prior observations of departing aircraft. He initially thought it was his friend flying, and waved to him. He observed the pilot's arm moving, and assumed that he was waving back. The aircraft continued, and then initiated a steep and rapid banking turn, which quickly progressed into a spin. The aircraft continued spiraling until it descended and out of his view. Another witness, located in a boatyard east of the runway recounted similar observations, reporting that the initial turn was so aggressive that he could see the complete profile of the aircraft; he surmised that the bank angle was between 45 and 60 degrees, and that the engine was operating a high power setting throughout. He continued to watch as the turn transitioned into a spiraling descent, with the engine still operating. It passed out of his view behind a trailer, and as he ran towards the location he heard a thud.
None of the witness observed the ballistic recovery parachute deploying.
The aircraft came to rest in the northwest corner of a recreational vehicle park, about 1,800 ft east of the runway midfield position. The debris field was about 30 ft long, with the first point of impact consisting of a 1 ft wide excavation in the grass, followed 15 ft further downrange by a 4 ft wide by 10 ft long soil excavation. Fragmented fuselage components along with the nose wheel assembly were distributed to the main wreckage. The trike came to rest inverted, and partially covered by the wing, which was upright. The pilot had become ejected from the wreckage, and was located adjacent to the wing. His helmet, which was a Lynx Avionics Micro model, was located intact and unbuckled, just beyond the main debris field.
AIRPLANE INFORMATION
Construction of the trike, serial number JENSEN761944, was completed in September 2005, and in January 2008, it was issued a special airworthiness certificate as an experimental operating light-sport weight-shift-control aircraft. The basis for issuance was for an existing aircraft without an airworthiness certificate that did not meet the criteria for Federal Aviation Regulations Part 103.1. At the time of the application, the owner reported a total airframe flight time of 72 hours.
It had originally been equipped with a Rotax 503 UL DCDI, 50-horsepower, 2-cylinder, 2-stroke engine. Five months and 6.25 flight hours after issuance of the certificate, the engine was removed and replaced with a Rotax 912 UL, 80-horsepower, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke engine, serial number 4407754. The logbook indicated that the trike then underwent a series of Phase 1 flight tests, totaling 5.8 hours. The logbook documented a new gross weight of 1,097 pounds, with an empty weight of 512 pounds, and that a North Wing MP 17 was being utilized.
On April 26, 2012, a North Wing GT5 wing was installed, and on October 4, 2013, a North Wing Mustang III 19 meter wing was installed at the same time the trike underwent its last annual inspection. The wing was then replaced by a North Wing GT5 wing on November 15, 2013, after which the trike underwent a series of Phase 1 flight tests totaling 5.1 hours. As of the annual inspection, the trike's total flight time since issuance of its airworthiness certificate was about 90 hours.
MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION
The 62-year-old male pilot was issued a private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine land in 1973, which he upgraded to a multiengine rating in 1983. He reported 975 total flight hours as of his last medical examination, on December 23, 2009. At that time he was 67 inches tall and weighed 191 lbs. A flight logbook for the pilot was not located; however, the trike's owner stated that the pilot had been flying weight-shift aircraft for many years.
Review of the pilot's prior medical certificate applications revealed a history of high blood pressure, and in 2004 he had been diagnosed with coronary artery disease, which required the placement of a stent.
In 2009, the pilot reported medications including aspirin, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, and atorvastatin, and subsequently his certificate was initially deferred. After a review of personal medical records he was issued a third-class special issuance medical certificate, limited by the need to have glasses available for near vision. It was marked, "Not valid for any class after 12/31/2011." FAA regulations do not require a current medical certificate to operate light sport aircraft, as long the most recent medical certificate has not been suspended or revoked.
According to the FAA medical review, the pilot passed a stress thallium test in 2009 and an exercise stress test in 2010; since the pilot did not renew his medical certificate, there is no further clinical information regarding his coronary artery disease.
Enalapril is a prescription medication used to treat high blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide is a mild diuretic used to treat high blood pressure and conditions that cause fluid retention, and atorvastatin is a cholesterol lowering agent.
Autopsy
An autopsy was performed by the Forensic Science Division, Department of Justice, State of Montana. According to the autopsy report, the cause of death was blunt force injuries and the manner of death was accident.
In addition, the pathologist noted abnormalities of the heart. The posterior descending coronary artery was supplied by the right coronary artery and a stent was identified in the proximal right coronary artery. The remainder of the coronary arteries had areas of atherosclerosis producing no greater than 25-50% stenosis. A subendocardial 0.5 cm white fibrous scar was identified in the inferior wall of the left ventricle. The rest of the heart exam was unremarkable.
Toxicology testing performed by the FAA's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) identified the following:
> Atenolol and tamsulosin detected in muscle and liver.
> Zolpidem detected in blood and liver.
> Hydrocodone in liver (0.037 ug/g) and blood (0.164 ug/ml) along with its metabolite dihydrocodeine in liver but not in blood.
> Tramadol in vitreous (2.918 ug/ml), brain (7.251 ug/g), blood (14.469 ug/ml), liver (26.948 ug/g), and gastric contents (336.45 ug/ml), along with its active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol in blood, gastric contents, and vitreous.
Atenolol, a prescription medication often marketed with the name Tenormin, is a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure and prevent recurrent heart attacks.
Tamsulosin, a prescription medication often marketed with the name Flomax, is used to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate.
Zolpidem is a sedative used to treat insomnia, commonly marketed with the name Ambien, and is a Schedule IV controlled substance.
Hydrocodone, often marketed as Lortab and Vicodin, is an opioid analgesic used to treat severe pain and available by prescription as a Schedule II controlled substance. Typical therapeutic levels of hydrocodone are between 0.01 and 0.05 ug/ml.
Tramadol, marketed with the names Ultram and Ultracet, is also an opioid analgesic available by prescription as a Schedule IV controlled substance. Typical therapeutic levels of tramadol are between 0.05 and 0.50 ug/ml.
Both hydrocodone and tramadol carry a warning about impairment in mental and/or physical ability required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks (e.g., driving, operating heavy machinery). In addition, tramadol carries an additional warning about the risk of seizures, "Seizures have been reported in patients receiving tramadol within the recommended dosage range. Spontaneous post-marketing reports indicate that seizure risk is increased with doses of tramadol above the recommended range. Concomitant use of tramadol increases the seizure risk in patients taking...Other opioids."
TESTS AND RESEARCH
The primary airframe components and wing components sustained crush damage, with most members exhibiting buckling, bending, or fracturing failures consistent with ground impact.
The trike mast remained fixed at a hang point position 54 inches from the keel nose plate, and did not display any indications of movement. This distance appeared appropriate when compared to the Mustang III 15 meter wing specifications, which called for 54 inches +/- 1.5 inches.
The wing canvas material was intact, except for a 16-inch-long tear adjacent to the center crossbar junction. The leading edge tubes were intact, and the wing cross bar's had both split midspan. All wing ribs were intact within their pockets, and both the cross tubes and the kingpost were intact. The control bar was bent about 30 degrees midspan, and both of the control frame vertical struts had separated midspan. The keel tube had separated into three sections, about 2 ft forward and 3 ft aft of the mast. All cables were intact at their respective fittings, with the exception of the cable connecting the right side of lower control frame to the aft end of the keel. This cable separated at the swage on the control bar, and exhibited "cup and cone" failure signatures to each wire consistent with an overload (impact) failure.
The wing was marked, "North Wing - APEX", and no serial or model number was found. According to a representative from North Wing, the wing was a model manufactured under previous ownership, and was designed for a smaller, single-place trike application with a gross weight limit of about 850 pounds. The representative stated that the mast position of 54 inches was appropriate.
The engine remained attached to the airframe, and did not exhibit any indications of catastrophic failure. The three bladed composite propeller remained attached to its hub at the engine gearbox. One blade had fractured midspan, and remained partially attached. Both the remaining blades exhibited leading edge nicks. The fuel tank was ruptured, and according to the owner, contained about 12 gallons of fuel at takeoff. The pilot was in the front seat.
The ballistic recovery parachute activation handle had become detached from the airframe, was in the undeployed position, and its lockout safety pin was not present. The activating cable sustained damaged to its outer sheeting, presumably during the impact sequence, and the rocket appeared to have been fired from the launch tube, partially extracting the parachute from the canister. The attachment bridles remained tied in place on the airframe structural members. The damage was consistent with a parachute deployment during the impact sequence when the activation cable and handle became detached from the airframe. A warning on the activation handle stated that the engine must be shut off before deploying the parachute.
NTSB Identification: WPR14LA233
14 CFR Part 91: General Aviation
Accident occurred Saturday, June 07, 2014 in Polson, MT
Aircraft: NORTHWING APACHE SPORT, registration: N2804P
Injuries: 1 Fatal.
This is preliminary information, subject to change, and may contain errors. Any errors in this report will be corrected when the final report has been completed. NTSB investigators may not have traveled in support of this investigation and used data provided by various sources to prepare this aircraft accident report.
On June 7, 2014, about 0700 mountain daylight time, an experimental light sport Northwing Apache Sport, N2804P, collided with terrain following takeoff from Polson Airport, Polson, Montana. The weight-shift-control aircraft was registered to a private party and operated by the pilot under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. The private pilot sustained fatal injuries. The aircraft sustained substantial damage during the accident sequence. The local flight departed Polson about 0658. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed.
According to the aircraft owner, the accident pilot owned a similar aircraft to the accident type, but equipped with floats. The accident pilot had requested that they remove the standard wing from the aircraft, so that he could use it on his. In return, he would temporarily install a smaller wing on the accident aircraft. The owner agreed, and both he and the pilot spent the prior evening attaching the smaller wing, completing the installation by 2300.
The owner was concerned that the wing may not be the correct type for the aircraft, and was particularly anxious about center of gravity issues. The pilot stated that he would fly the aircraft on his own in the morning, cautiously takeoff, and fly low over the runway while ascertaining the handling characteristics. If it could be controlled safely, he would then continue the climb and perform practice maneuvers.
The following morning, the owner observed the first flight with the smaller wing installed. He watched as the pilot held the nose off the ground for a long period during rotation, and then depart. The aircraft climbed uneventfully to about 600-800 feet above ground level, and then began to circle back towards midfield. It turned east in the direction of the adjacent fairground, and appeared to be setting up for a crosswind approach to join the right downwind leg for runway 18. The owner was confused by this maneuver, as he felt landing was premature.
The aircraft then suddenly rolled into a steep banking turn. The turn continued through 360 degrees, progressing into a "corkscrew" descent. He did not hear the sound of the engine producing power during the descent, and initially thought the pilot was performing a corkscrew maneuver to descend and land. However, the aircraft did not roll out as the spin progressed, and as it developed he was expecting to see the ballistic recovery parachute deploy. After between 6 to 8 revolutions the aircraft descended out of his view. He surmised that there was plenty of time and altitude to fire the ballistic recovery parachute, and he was surprised that the pilot hadn't done so.
Another witness, located in a recreational vehicle park adjoining the west side of the airport, observed an "ultralight" aircraft flying from the direction of the airport at an altitude that seemed appropriate based on his prior observations of departing aircraft. He initially thought it was his friend flying, and waved to him. He observed the pilot's arm moving, and assumed that he was waving back. The aircraft continued, and then initiated a steep and rapid banking turn, which quickly progressed into a spin. The aircraft continued spiraling until it descended and out of his view.
The aircraft came to rest in the recreational vehicle park, at the foot of a series of utility lines. None of the lines were damaged, and the aircraft sustained crush damage to the entire cabin structure. The ballistic recovery parachute had not deployed.
FAA Helena FSDO-05: http://www.asias.faa.gov
MISSOULA, Mont. - One man is dead in Lake County after an ultra-light air craft crashed Saturday morning near Polson.
Officials with the Polson Police Department say the downed aircraft was reported at approximately 7:15 a.m. at the Flathead River RV Resort, located about a quarter of a mile east of the Polson Airport.
Upon arriving, emergency responders determined the pilot, 62 year old Cliff Daniels of Rathdrum, Idaho, did not survive.
FAA officials are investigating the cause of the crash. The following is a press release from the Polson Police Department for more information.
On Saturday, June 7, 2014 at approximately 7:16 a.m. Polson Police, Polson Fire and Polson Emergency Services Ambulance responded to the Flathead River RV Resort for a report of a downed aircraft. The resort is located approximately a quarter of a mile to the east of the Polson Airport.
Upon arrival officers found an ultra-light style air craft with a single occupant. Officers determined that the pilot did not survive the crash. The aircraft crashed close to a residence and RV’s that were parked at the resort, but no other damage or injuries were reported. Lake County Deputy Coroner Ben Woods responded to the scene to investigate the death.
At this hour, members of the FAA are on scene to try to determine the cause of the crash.
The Lake County Coroner’s Office has identified the pilot as 62 year old Cliff Daniels of Rathdrum, Idaho.
POLSON – An Idaho man was killed early Saturday morning when his ultralight-style aircraft crashed at an RV resort near the Polson Airport.
No one else was hurt, and no other damage occurred, according to Polson Assistant Police Chief Clint Cottle.
The Lake County Coroner’s Office identified the victim as 62-year-old Cliff Daniels of Rathdrum, Idaho.
The assistant chief said the crash, at the Flathead River RV Resort, was reported at 7:16 a.m. Police, fire trucks and an ambulance responded, but “officers determined that the pilot did not survive the crash,” Cottle said.
The aircraft crashed near a residence and RVs that were parked at the resort, but did not strike any. Cottle said he did not know yet if Daniels had taken off from, or was attempting to land at, the airport, which is about one-quarter of a mile from the resort.
Members of the Federal Aviation Administration were on the scene to try to determine the cause of the crash, Cottle said, and Lake County deputy coroner Ben Woods responded to investigate the death.
POLSON -- A pilot died early Saturday morning after his ultralight aircraft crashed near the Polson airport.
Crews were called to the Flathead River RV Resort just before 7:15 a.m. after receiving reports that an aircraft had crashed.
Polson Assistant Police Chief Clinton Cottle says officers found an ultra-light style aircraft with one occupant; officers determined that the pilot did not survive the crash.
The aircraft crashed close to a residence and some RV's that were parked at the resort, but no other damage or injuries were reported.
Lake County Deputy Coroner Ben Woods responded to the scene to investigate the death, and pronounced Cliff Daniels, 62, of Rathdrum, Idaho, dead.
FAA officials are trying to determine why the aircraft went down.
A Rathdrum, Idaho man is dead after crashing his ultralight aircraft near the Polson Airport.
Cliff Daniels, 62, was killed when he crashed approximately a quarter of a mile east of the airport in the Flathead River RV Resort shortly after 7 a.m. today, according to a release from the Polson Police Department.
Police officers as well as Polson Fire and Polson Emergency Services Ambulance personnel responded to the crash site, where they discovered the plane and Daniels, its only occupant, who did not survive the crash.
Though the aircraft crashed near a home and RVs parked at the resort, no other damage or injuries were reported.
Lake County Deputy Coroner Ben Woods responded to investigate the death, and Federal Aviation Administration personnel were on the scene as of 1 p.m. to investigate the cause of the crash.
MISSOULA, Mont. - A falling ultra-light style aircraft sent people on the ground scrambling before it slammed into a yard, killing the pilot.
The plane crashed Saturday morning, just after 7 a.m. at the Flathead River RV Resort in Polson, about a quarter mile east of the Polson airport.
Several hours later, authorities released the pilot’s name, 62-year-old Cliff Daniels of Rathdrum, Idaho.
He was the only one on board.
Emergency responders say he died on the scene.
The crash was a terrible wake up call for dozens of RV owners parked at the quiet resort.
“Something was not right. Just something told me, there’s something wrong going on here,” said eyewitness Brian Ross.
Ross was out doing what he does almost every day, walking the dog, when he saw something in the sky that didn’t look right.
“His maneuvering was pensive. He wasn’t quite sure what the craft was doing, like unsure about it,” said Ross.
Ross was one of several neighbors who rushed to the scene.
“The plane do what I like to call a wing over, be a sharp banking with the power on, followed by a large impact sound,” said Ross.
The plane missed a house just by a couple of feet.
“It was a big surprise you know, having it happen that close to where I live,” said resident Danny Wyatt, who later rushed to the scene.
“He didn’t hit anything, which was probably a good thing,” said Ross.
Other neighbors didn’t see the plane. They were in their RV’s either getting ready for work or still sleeping.
“It sounded like someone was speeding through the park and then there was a big boom,” said resident Donna Lewis.
“Just really loud, going really fast then all of a sudden, it stopped,” said Wyatt.
Neighbors quickly learned that the man in his 60′s was killed by the impact.
“Sadness, remorse, I mean I feel bad for the gentleman that passed away,” said Wyatt.
“He wasn’t breathing, no respiration, no pulse,” said Ross.
A tragic event residents at Flathead River RV know was only feet away from being even worse.
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