Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Salt Lake City, Utah
Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf
Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms
Aviation Accident Data Summary - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf
http://registry.faa.gov/N741TW
Location: Tooele, UT
Accident Number: GAA17CA327
Date & Time: 06/06/2017, 1615 MDT
Registration: N741TW
Aircraft: CESSNA 172
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Aerodynamic stall/spin
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Instructional
Analysis
The solo student pilot reported that, during landing, the airplane "ballooned up and [he] added a little throttle [to] settle the [airplane]". He added that, "the [airplane] seemed to settle but felt like it was coming down too fast". He applied full power to go around and reduced the flaps to 20°. He added that, "the [airplane] was stalling and so [he] moved the flaps to 0 degrees, which caused the plane to continue to stall". Subsequently, the airplane impacted the ground.
The airplane sustained substantial damage to the wings and empennage.
The student pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.
Probable Cause and Findings
The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The student pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed and his exceedance of the airplane's critical angle of attack during an attempted go-around, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
Findings
Aircraft
Angle of attack - Capability exceeded (Cause)
Airspeed - Not attained/maintained (Cause)
Personnel issues
Aircraft control - Student pilot (Cause)
Factual Information
History of Flight
Approach-VFR go-around
Aerodynamic stall/spin (Defining event)
Student Pilot Information
Certificate: Student
Age: 41, Male
Airplane Rating(s): None
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: Unknown
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 2 Without Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 07/21/2016
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time: (Estimated) 73 hours (Total, all aircraft), 73 hours (Total, this make and model), 2 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 20 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 17 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft)
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Manufacturer: CESSNA
Registration: N741TW
Model/Series: 172 S
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 2008
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 172S10117
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 04/24/2017, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2558 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 3471.4 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: LYCOMING
ELT: C91A installed, activated, aided in locating accident
Engine Model/Series: IO-360-L2A
Registered Owner: TUMBLEWEED LEASING CO INC.
Rated Power: 180 hp
Operator: Upper Limit Aviation
Operating Certificate(s) Held: Pilot School (141)
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KTVY
Observation Time: 1610 MDT
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Direction from Accident Site:
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Temperature/Dew Point: 30°C / 6°C
Lowest Ceiling:
Visibility: 10 Miles
Wind Speed/Gusts, Direction: 9 knots, 310°
Visibility (RVR):
Altimeter Setting: 30.11 inches Hg
Visibility (RVV):
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: SALT LAKE CITY, UT (SLC)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: Unknown
Destination: Tooele, UT (TVY)
Type of Clearance: VFR
Departure Time: 1430 MDT
Type of Airspace: Class G
Airport Information
Airport: BOLINDER FIELD-TOOELE VALLEY (TVY)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 4321 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 35
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 6100 ft / 100 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Go Around
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude: 40.606667, -112.350833 (est)
Preventing Similar Accidents
Prevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low Altitude
While maneuvering an airplane at low altitude in visual meteorological conditions, many pilots fail to avoid conditions that lead to an aerodynamic stall, recognize the warning signs of a stall onset, and apply appropriate recovery techniques. Many stall accidents result when a pilot is momentarily distracted from the primary task of flying, such as while maneuvering in the airport traffic pattern, during an emergency, or when fixating on ground objects.
An aerodynamic stall can happen at any airspeed, at any altitude, and with any engine power setting. Pilots need to be honest with themselves about their knowledge of stalls and preparedness to recognize and handle a stall situation. Training can help pilots fully understand the stall phenomenon, including angle-of-attack (AOA) concepts and how weight, center of gravity, turbulence, maneuvering loads, and other factors can affect an airplane's stall characteristics. The stall characteristics may be different in each type of airplane, so learn them before you fly.
The stall airspeeds marked on the airspeed indicator (for example, the bottom of the green arc and the bottom of the white arc) typically represent steady flight speeds at 1G at the airplane's maximum gross weight in the specified configuration. Maneuvering loads and other factors can increase the airspeed at which the airplane will stall. For example, increasing bank angle can increase stall speed exponentially.
Reducing AOA by lowering the airplane's nose at the first indication of a stall is the most important immediate response for stall avoidance and stall recovery. This may seem counterintuitive at low altitudes, but is a necessary first step.
See http://www.ntsb.gov/safety/safety-alerts/documents/SA_019.pdf for additional resources.
The NTSB presents this information to prevent recurrence of similar accidents. Note that this should not be considered guidance from the regulator, nor does this supersede existing FAA Regulations (FARs).
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