The National Transportation Safety Board did not travel to the scene of this accident.
Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Oakland, California
Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board:
Location: Byron, California
Accident Number: WPR22LA085
Date and Time: January 27, 2022, 14:45 Local
Registration: N9433K
Aircraft: UNIVERSAL STINSON 108-2
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of control on ground
Injuries: 2 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General aviation - Instructional
Analysis
The flight instructor of a tail wheel equipped airplane reported that, while practicing touch-and-go landings the pilot receiving instruction made a landing which resulted in a “medium bounce”. During the second flare the airplane immediately yawed left. The pilot corrected to the right and back to the left. The flight instructor tried to intervene; however, the airplane exited the side of the runway. The left wing was substantially damaged. The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.
Probable Cause and Findings
The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The pilot’s inadequate flare and loss of directional control during landing which resulted in a runway excursion. Contributing to the accident was the instructor’s delayed remedial action.
Findings
Personnel issues Decision making/judgment - Pilot
Personnel issues Aircraft control - Pilot
Aircraft Landing flare - Not attained/maintained
Aircraft Directional control - Not attained/maintained
Personnel issues Delayed action - Instructor/check pilot
Factual Information
History of Flight
Landing-landing roll Loss of control on ground (Defining event)
Landing-flare/touchdown Attempted remediation/recovery
Landing-landing roll Runway excursion
Pilot Information
Certificate: Private
Age: 74, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine land
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: Lap only
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed:
Medical Certification: Class 3 Unknown
Last FAA Medical Exam: March 1, 2021
Occupational Pilot: UNK
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time: 108 hours (Total, all aircraft), 57 hours (Total, this make and model)
Flight instructor Information
Certificate: Airline transport; Commercial; Flight instructor
Age: 72,Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine land; Multi-engine land
Seat Occupied: Right
Other Aircraft Rating(s): Balloon; Glider
Restraint Used: Lap only
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): Airplane multi-engine; Airplane single-engine
Toxicology Performed:
Medical Certification: Class 1 None
Last FAA Medical Exam: November 22, 2021
Occupational Pilot: Yes
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: November 9, 2021
Flight Time: 16300 hours (Total, all aircraft), 57 hours (Total, this make and model)
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Make: UNIVERSAL STINSON
Registration: N9433K
Model/Series: 108-2
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1947
Amateur Built:
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 1082433
Landing Gear Type: Tailwheel
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: October 12, 2021 Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2330 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 2813.2 Hrs at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: FRANKLIN
ELT: Installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: GA4-165 SERIES B3
Registered Owner:
Rated Power: 165 Horsepower
Operator:
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site: Visual (VMC)
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KSCK C83,64 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 0.1 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 14:00 Local
Direction from Accident Site:
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction:
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 29.92 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 17°C
Precipitation and Obscuration:
Departure Point: Stockton, CA (KSCK)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Byron, CA (C83)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 14:00 Local
Type of Airspace: Class G
Airport Information
Airport: BYRON C83
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 78 ft msl
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 30
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 4500 ft / 100 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Traffic pattern
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 2 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries:
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries:
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 2 None
Latitude, Longitude: 37.4973,-121.3758
Location: Byron, California
Accident Number: WPR22LA085
Date and Time: January 27, 2022, 15:00 Local
Registration: N9433K
Aircraft: UNIVERSAL STINSON 108-2
Injuries: 2 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General aviation - Personal
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Make: UNIVERSAL STINSON
Registration: N9433K
Model/Series: 108-2
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Amateur Built:
Operator:
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
Operator Designator Code:
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site:
Condition of Light:
Observation Facility, Elevation:
Observation Time:
Distance from Accident Site:
Temperature/Dew Point:
Lowest Cloud Condition:
Wind Speed/Gusts, Direction: / ,
Lowest Ceiling:
Visibility:
Altimeter Setting:
Type of Flight Plan Filed:
Departure Point:
Destination:
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 2 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries:
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries:
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 2 None
Latitude, Longitude: 37.5,121.3759
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