Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board
Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Honolulu, Hawaii
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Honolulu, Hawaii
Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board:
Location: Kahului, HI
Accident Number: ANC20CA034Date & Time: 03/17/2020, 0914 HST
Registration: N738DB
Aircraft: Cessna 172
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of control in flight
Injuries: 1 Minor
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Instructional
Analysis
The solo student pilot reported that, while in the airport traffic pattern, the air traffic tower controller instructed her to follow a heavy jet airplane. She saw the heavy jet airplane and confirmed it with the tower controller who then cleared the pilot to land behind the heavy jet and provided a caution for wake turbulence. As she maintained a final approach to land "past the numbers" and prepared for the landing flare, the wings suddenly rolled right, and the nose dropped. She attempted to correct, but the airplane landed hard, skidded off the runway, and nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing, lift struts, and empennage.
Probable Cause and Findings
The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The student pilot's failure to avoid wake turbulence while landing behind a heavy jet airplane, which resulted in a loss of roll control and subsequent hard landing.
Findings
Personnel issues Aircraft control - Student/instructed pilot
Personnel issues Lack of action - Student/instructed pilot
Environmental issues Wake turbulence - Effect on operation
Aircraft Lateral/bank control - Not attained/maintained
Factual Information
History of Flight
Landing Aircraft wake turb encounter
Landing Loss of control in flight (Defining event)
Landing Attempted remediation/recovery
Landing Hard landing
Landing Runway excursion
Landing Nose over/nose down
Pilot Information
Certificate: Student
Age: 50, Female
Airplane Rating(s): None
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 08/12/2019
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time: (Estimated) 78 hours (Total, all aircraft), 73 hours (Total, this make and model), 4 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 33 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 10 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft)
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Make: Cessna
Registration: N738DB
Model/Series: 172 N
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1977
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 17269886
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 02/22/2020, 100 Hour
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2300 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 6828.5 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: Lycoming
ELT: C91 installed, activated, aided in locating accident
Engine Model/Series: O-320-H2AD
Registered Owner: Fly Maui LLC
Rated Power: 160 hp
Operator: Fly Maui LLC
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: PHOG, 50 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 1 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 1854 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 32°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility: 10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: Calm /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual:
Wind Direction:
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual:
Altimeter Setting: 29.96 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 26°C / 20°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Hana, HI (HNM)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Hana, HI (HNM)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 0845 HST
Type of Airspace: Class C
Airport Information
Airport: KAHULUI (OGG)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 53 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 2
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 6998 ft / 150 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop; Traffic Pattern
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 1 Minor
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 Minor
Latitude, Longitude: 20.889722, -156.435833 (est)
A Cessna 172N Skyhawk II flipped over Tuesday morning after veering off the runway following its landing on Runway 2 at Kahului Airport, officials said.
The pilot, who was the only person on board, wasn’t seriously injured, said Ian Gregor, spokesman for the Federal Aviation Administration Pacific Division.
The state Department of Transportation reported that the pilot, a woman in her late 30s, was transported to Maui Memorial Medical Center with non-life-threatening injuries after the plane flipped over at about 9:15 a.m. She reportedly suffered a small cut to her head.
The DOT said on its Facebook page at about 11 a.m. that DOT and airport rescue firefighting crews were working to remove the flipped plane.
While the plane was being removed from the runway, a couple of Mainland flights were diverted to Kona International Airport on Hawaii island, said Maui District Airports Manager Marvin Moniz. He said Hawaiian Airlines interisland flights weren’t affected because they could use the smaller Runway 5 at the airport.
By about 11:15, the main runway was reopened. “We’re back to normal operations,” Moniz said.
The DOT said that Kahului passengers should check with their airlines for current flight status updates.
The plane, which was manufactured in 1977, is registered to Fly Maui LLC, which has a Kihei address.
The Federal Aviation Administration will investigate, Gregor said.
Original article ➤ https://www.mauinews.com
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