Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board
The National Transportation Safety Board did not travel to the scene of this accident.
Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Minneapolis, Minnesota
Additional Participating Entity:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Minneapolis, Minnesota
Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board:
Accident Number: CEN19LA125
Date & Time: 04/20/2019, 0946 CDT
Registration: N40956
Aircraft: Piper PA-28R-200
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Runway excursion
Injuries: 2 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal
Analysis
The private pilot reported that the airplane operated normally during the personal flight. He stated that before touchdown at the destination airport, he applied left rudder and had the right wing down into the wind to counter the crosswinds and maintain the center line of the runway. At touchdown, he held the control yoke to the right and was applying the brakes; however, the airplane veered left and exited the runway. The airplane traveled about 50 ft into the grass, and the right main landing gear collapsed; the right wing struck the ground and sustained substantial damage. Postaccident examination confirmed flight control continuity. The airplane was equipped with an engine monitoring system, and data indicated that the engine and propeller operated normally during the flight. The pilot reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. Weather at the destination airport about 1 hour before the accident was wind from 180° at 13 knots gusting to 20 knots; the automated weather report that the pilot received en route was similar. The crosswind component was within the maximum demonstrated crosswind component for this airplane; however, the pilot stated, "Looking back, I should have never gone up with crosswinds that high, with little to no practice in crosswinds logged in the last 30, 60, [or] 90 days." Thus, it is likely that the pilot failed to maintain directional control during landing in crosswind conditions.
Probable Cause and Findings
The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a crosswind landing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's decision to land in crosswind conditions given his lack of recent experience in those conditions.
Findings
Aircraft Directional control - Not attained/maintained
Personnel issues Aircraft control - Pilot
Environmental issues Crosswind - Effect on operation
Environmental issues Crosswind - Response/compensation
Personnel issues Decision making/judgment - Pilot
Factual Information
***This report was modified on 12/11/2019. Please see the docket for this accident to view the original report.***
On April 20, 2019, about 0946 central daylight time, a Piper PA-28R-200 airplane, veered off the left side of runway 13 during landing at the St. Cloud Regional Airport (STC), St. Cloud, Minnesota. The pilot and passenger were not injured; the airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing. The airplane was owned and operated by the Blue Sky Benefit Solutions, Inc. under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed during the flight, which was not operating under a flight plan. The flight departed the Sauk Centre Municipal Airport (D39), Sauk Centre, Minnesota, about 0914 with STC as the destination.
The pilot reported that the accident flight was the first flight after the airplane had undergone an annual maintenance inspection. The pilot reported that the airplane operated normally during the flight and he planned to land on runway 13 (7,500 ft by 150, asphalt) at STC. The approach and descent rate were stable as he "crabbed" the airplane into the wind to compensate for the right crosswind. He selected 25° of flaps when the indicated airspeed was 80 kts. He stated that before touchdown, he applied left rudder and had the right wing down into the wind to counter the crosswinds and to maintain the center line of the runway. At touchdown, he had the control yoke to the right and was applying the brakes; however, the airplane veered to the left and exited the runway. The airplane traveled about 50 ft into the grass when the right main landing gear collapsed. The right wing struck the ground resulting in substantial damage to the wing.
The examination of the flight controls confirmed flight control continuity from the flight controls to the control surfaces. The airplane was equipped with an engine monitoring system. The data was downloaded, and the data indicated that the engine and propeller operated normally during the flight. The pilot reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The pilot stated, "Looking back, I should have never gone up with crosswinds that high, with little to no practice in crosswinds logged in the last 30, 60, [or] 90 days."
At 0853, the surface weather observation at STC, was wind 180° at 13 knots gusting to 20 knots; visibility 10 miles; sky clear; temperature 12° C; dew point -1° C; and altimeter 29.78 inches of mercury. The pilot reported that before departing D39, the weather briefing at D39 was sky clear, wind 180° at 9 knots. About 30 nautical miles out from STC, the pilot received the automated weather from STC, which was sky clear, wind 180° at 12 to 20 knots.
According to the airplane manufacturer's pilot operating handbook, the maximum demonstrated crosswind component for this make/model airplane is 17 knots.
Certificate: Private
Age: 46, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 Without Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 08/23/2016
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 03/31/2017
Flight Time: 368 hours (Total, all aircraft), 317 hours (Total, this make and model), 340 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 3 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 3 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft)
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Make: Piper
Registration: N40956
Model/Series: PA-28R-200
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1973
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 28R-7435144
Landing Gear Type: Retractable - Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 04/19/2019, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2325 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection: 0 Hours
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 4195.5 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: Lycoming
ELT: Installed
Engine Model/Series: IO-380-C1C
Registered Owner: On file
Rated Power: 200
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: STC, 1030 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 0853 CDT
Direction from Accident Site: 0°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility: 10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 13 knots / 20 knots
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual:
Wind Direction: 180°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual:
Altimeter Setting: 29.78 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 12°C / -1°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration
Departure Point: Sauk Centre, MN (D39)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: St. Cloud, MN (STC)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 0914 CDT
Type of Airspace:
Airport Information
Airport: St. Cloud Regional Airport (STC)
Runway Surface Type: Concrete
Airport Elevation: 1030 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 13
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 7500 ft / 150 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 2 None
Latitude, Longitude: 45.548056, -94.069722
Location: St. Cloud, MN
Accident Number: CEN19LA125
Date & Time: 04/20/2019, 0946 CDT
Registration: N40956
Aircraft: Piper PA-28R-200
Injuries:2 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal
On April 20, 2019, about 0946 central daylight time, a Piper PA-28R-200 airplane, veered off the left side of the runway during landing at the St. Cloud Regional Airport (STC), St. Cloud, Minnesota. The pilot and passenger were not injured; the airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing. The airplane was owned and operated by the Blue Sky Benefit Solutions, Inc. under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed during the flight, which was not operating under a flight plan. The flight departed the Sauk Centre Municipal Airport (D39), Sauk Centre, Minnesota, about 0914 with STC as the destination.
The pilot reported to a Federal Aviation Administration inspector that the accident flight was the first flight after the airplane had undergone an annual maintenance inspection. He reported that the airplane operated normally during the flight and he prepared to land on runway 13 (7,500 ft by 150, asphalt) at STC. He "crabbed" the airplane into the wind to compensate for the right crosswind. He stated that when the airplane was about 10 ft above the runway, he pushed the controllable propeller governor full forward. He saw the rpm drop to 200 rpm on the digital engine analyzer, and then it returned to 900 rpm, and then it surged to 2,500 rpm. The airplane landed about 2,000 ft down the runway from the approach end of runway 13, slightly left of centerline. The airplane veered off the left side of the runway and skidded on the grass causing the landing gear to collapse. The airplane traveled about 150 ft before coming to rest upright on its belly.
At 0853, the surface weather observation at STC, was wind 180° at 13 knots gusting to 20 knots; visibility 10 miles; sky clear; temperature 12° C; dew point -1° C; and altimeter 29.78 inches of mercury.
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Make: Piper
Registration: N40956
Model/Series: PA-28R-200
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Amateur Built: No
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: STC, 1030 ft msl
Observation Time: 0853 CDT
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Temperature/Dew Point: 12°C / -1°C
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Wind Speed/Gusts, Direction: 13 knots / 20 knots, 180°
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility: 10 Miles
Altimeter Setting: 29.78 inches Hg
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Departure Point: Sauk Centre, MN (D39)
Destination: St. Cloud, MN (STC)
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 2 None
Latitude, Longitude: 45.548056, -94.069722
***This report was modified on 12/11/2019. Please see the docket for this accident to view the original report.***
On April 20, 2019, about 0946 central daylight time, a Piper PA-28R-200 airplane, veered off the left side of runway 13 during landing at the St. Cloud Regional Airport (STC), St. Cloud, Minnesota. The pilot and passenger were not injured; the airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing. The airplane was owned and operated by the Blue Sky Benefit Solutions, Inc. under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed during the flight, which was not operating under a flight plan. The flight departed the Sauk Centre Municipal Airport (D39), Sauk Centre, Minnesota, about 0914 with STC as the destination.
The pilot reported that the accident flight was the first flight after the airplane had undergone an annual maintenance inspection. The pilot reported that the airplane operated normally during the flight and he planned to land on runway 13 (7,500 ft by 150, asphalt) at STC. The approach and descent rate were stable as he "crabbed" the airplane into the wind to compensate for the right crosswind. He selected 25° of flaps when the indicated airspeed was 80 kts. He stated that before touchdown, he applied left rudder and had the right wing down into the wind to counter the crosswinds and to maintain the center line of the runway. At touchdown, he had the control yoke to the right and was applying the brakes; however, the airplane veered to the left and exited the runway. The airplane traveled about 50 ft into the grass when the right main landing gear collapsed. The right wing struck the ground resulting in substantial damage to the wing.
The examination of the flight controls confirmed flight control continuity from the flight controls to the control surfaces. The airplane was equipped with an engine monitoring system. The data was downloaded, and the data indicated that the engine and propeller operated normally during the flight. The pilot reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. The pilot stated, "Looking back, I should have never gone up with crosswinds that high, with little to no practice in crosswinds logged in the last 30, 60, [or] 90 days."
At 0853, the surface weather observation at STC, was wind 180° at 13 knots gusting to 20 knots; visibility 10 miles; sky clear; temperature 12° C; dew point -1° C; and altimeter 29.78 inches of mercury. The pilot reported that before departing D39, the weather briefing at D39 was sky clear, wind 180° at 9 knots. About 30 nautical miles out from STC, the pilot received the automated weather from STC, which was sky clear, wind 180° at 12 to 20 knots.
According to the airplane manufacturer's pilot operating handbook, the maximum demonstrated crosswind component for this make/model airplane is 17 knots.
Pilot Information
Certificate: Private
Age: 46, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 Without Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 08/23/2016
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 03/31/2017
Flight Time: 368 hours (Total, all aircraft), 317 hours (Total, this make and model), 340 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 3 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 3 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft)
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Make: Piper
Registration: N40956
Model/Series: PA-28R-200
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1973
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 28R-7435144
Landing Gear Type: Retractable - Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 04/19/2019, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2325 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection: 0 Hours
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 4195.5 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: Lycoming
ELT: Installed
Engine Model/Series: IO-380-C1C
Registered Owner: On file
Rated Power: 200
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: STC, 1030 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 0853 CDT
Direction from Accident Site: 0°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility: 10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 13 knots / 20 knots
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual:
Wind Direction: 180°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual:
Altimeter Setting: 29.78 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 12°C / -1°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration
Departure Point: Sauk Centre, MN (D39)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: St. Cloud, MN (STC)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 0914 CDT
Type of Airspace:
Airport Information
Airport: St. Cloud Regional Airport (STC)
Runway Surface Type: Concrete
Airport Elevation: 1030 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 13
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 7500 ft / 150 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 2 None
Latitude, Longitude: 45.548056, -94.069722
Location: St. Cloud, MN
Accident Number: CEN19LA125
Date & Time: 04/20/2019, 0946 CDT
Registration: N40956
Aircraft: Piper PA-28R-200
Injuries:2 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal
On April 20, 2019, about 0946 central daylight time, a Piper PA-28R-200 airplane, veered off the left side of the runway during landing at the St. Cloud Regional Airport (STC), St. Cloud, Minnesota. The pilot and passenger were not injured; the airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing. The airplane was owned and operated by the Blue Sky Benefit Solutions, Inc. under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed during the flight, which was not operating under a flight plan. The flight departed the Sauk Centre Municipal Airport (D39), Sauk Centre, Minnesota, about 0914 with STC as the destination.
The pilot reported to a Federal Aviation Administration inspector that the accident flight was the first flight after the airplane had undergone an annual maintenance inspection. He reported that the airplane operated normally during the flight and he prepared to land on runway 13 (7,500 ft by 150, asphalt) at STC. He "crabbed" the airplane into the wind to compensate for the right crosswind. He stated that when the airplane was about 10 ft above the runway, he pushed the controllable propeller governor full forward. He saw the rpm drop to 200 rpm on the digital engine analyzer, and then it returned to 900 rpm, and then it surged to 2,500 rpm. The airplane landed about 2,000 ft down the runway from the approach end of runway 13, slightly left of centerline. The airplane veered off the left side of the runway and skidded on the grass causing the landing gear to collapse. The airplane traveled about 150 ft before coming to rest upright on its belly.
At 0853, the surface weather observation at STC, was wind 180° at 13 knots gusting to 20 knots; visibility 10 miles; sky clear; temperature 12° C; dew point -1° C; and altimeter 29.78 inches of mercury.
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Make: Piper
Registration: N40956
Model/Series: PA-28R-200
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Amateur Built: No
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: STC, 1030 ft msl
Observation Time: 0853 CDT
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Temperature/Dew Point: 12°C / -1°C
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Wind Speed/Gusts, Direction: 13 knots / 20 knots, 180°
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility: 10 Miles
Altimeter Setting: 29.78 inches Hg
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Departure Point: Sauk Centre, MN (D39)
Destination: St. Cloud, MN (STC)
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 2 None
Latitude, Longitude: 45.548056, -94.069722
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