The National Transportation Safety Board did not travel to the scene of this accident.
Additional Participating Entities:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Little Rock, Arkansas
Continental Motors; Mobile, Alabama
Cirrus Aircraft; Duluth, Minnesota
Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf
Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms
Aviation Accident Data Summary - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf
Location: Fayetteville, AR
Accident Number: CEN16LA026
Date & Time: 11/03/2015, 0950 CST
Registration: N857SW
Aircraft: CIRRUS DESIGN CORP SR22T
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of engine power (total)
Injuries: 3 Minor, 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal
Analysis
During the enroute climb to cruise altitude, the low oil pressure warning light activated. The pilot notified air traffic control, received vectors to the nearest airport, and began a descent as the oil pressure continued to decrease. About 3 miles from the airport, the engine experienced a total loss of power. The pilot could not see the airport or runway due to a cloud layer below and elected to deploy the airplane parachute system. The airplane descended under canopy to a four-lane road, where a car impacted the left wing. A postaccident examination of the engine revealed a fatigue fracture of the oil cooler cross fitting, which resulted in oil starvation, internal damage to the crankcase, and a subsequent total loss of engine power.
About four months before the accident, the engine manufacturer released a critical service bulletin (CSB) for a known problem pertaining to the oil cooler cross fitting assembly. Although the airplane underwent scheduled maintenance about a month before the accident, the CSB was not completed due to time constraints. Although compliance was not mandatory, it is likely that the accident would have been prevented had the CSB been completed.
Probable Cause and Findings
The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The fatigue failure of the oil cooler cross fitting, which resulted in engine oil starvation and a total loss of engine power.
Findings
Aircraft
Recip eng oil sys - Failure (Cause)
Recip eng oil sys - Design (Cause)
Recip eng oil sys - Not serviced/maintained
Factual Information
History of Flight
Enroute
Loss of engine power (total) (Defining event)
Emergency descent
Off-field or emergency landing
Powerplant sys/comp malf/fail
Enroute
Powerplant sys/comp malf/fail
On November 3, 2015, at 0950 central standard time, a Cirrus SR22T airplane, N857SW, experienced a total loss of engine power, descended under the canopy of the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS) and landed on a road in Fayetteville, Arkansas. The private rated pilot, pilot rated passenger and one person on the ground received minor injuries. The passenger in the right rear seat was uninjured. The airplane sustained substantial damage. The airplane was registered to WG Aviation LLC, Rogers, Arkansas, and operated by a private individual under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan was filed. The flight departed from Bentonville Municipal Airport (VBT), Bentonville, Arkansas, at 0934 and was en route to Waco Regional Airport (ACT), Waco, Texas.
According to the pilot, after departure from VBT he leveled off around 10,000 ft mean sea level (msl) and was above a cloud layer. The pilot noticed that the crew alerting system (CAS) flashed an amber caution light for oil pressure and the engine was still producing normal power. The pilot notified air traffic control (ATC) of the oil pressure issue and received vectors to the nearest airport, Drake Field Airport (FYV), Fayetteville, Arkansas. The pilot descended and maneuvered toward FYV as the CAS illuminated a red warning light for oil pressure, which had dropped below 10 psi. The engine was producing inconsistent power as the airplane descended to 3,300 ft msl. The pilot notified ATC that he could not maintain altitude and ATC declared an emergency on his behalf. About 3 miles from FYV the airplane was still above the cloud layer and he could not see the airport or runway. The airplane slowed to 80 knots around 1,000 ft above ground level (agl) and the stall warning horn sounded. He deployed the CAPS and the airplane descended to the ground under the canopy. The landing was very firm and the seatbelt airbags deployed.
Pilot Information
Certificate: Private
Age: 56, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: 4-point
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 Without Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 02/28/2014
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 08/16/2015
Flight Time: 572 hours (Total, all aircraft), 175 hours (Total, this make and model), 349 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 31 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 19 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 0.5 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)
Pilot-Rated Passenger Information
Certificate: Airline Transport; Flight Instructor
Age: 47, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Multi-engine Land; Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Right
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used: 4-point
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): Airplane Single-engine; Instrument Airplane
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 1 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 07/20/2015
Occupational Pilot: Yes
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time:
The pilot, age 56, held a private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single engine land and instrument airplane. On February 26, 2014, the pilot was issued a third class medical certificate with no limitations listed.
The pilot rated passenger, age 47, held an airline transport pilot certificate. He also held a flight instructor certificate for single engine airplane and instrument airplane. On July 20, 2015, he was issued a first class medical certificate with one limitation: must wear corrective lenses.
Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information
Aircraft Manufacturer: CIRRUS DESIGN CORP
Registration: N857SW
Model/Series: SR22T
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 2014
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 0816
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 09/30/2015, Continuous Airworthiness
Certified Max Gross Wt.:
Time Since Last Inspection: 27.5 Hours
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 232.4 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: Continental Motors
ELT: Installed, not activated
Engine Model/Series: TSIO-550-K
Registered Owner: WG AVIATION LLC
Rated Power: 315 hp
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None
The Cirrus SR22T four seat, low wing, fixed tricycle landing gear airplane, serial number 0816, was manufactured in 2014. The airplane was powered by a 315-horsepower, turbocharged, Continental Motors TSIO-550-K engine, which drove a 3-bladed, composite, constant speed Hartzell propeller.
A review of the airplane logbooks revealed that a 50 hour engine inspection was completed on September 30, 2015, at a total time of 232.4 hours and Hobbs meter time of 288.9 hours.
A maintenance work order, opened September 24, 2015, and closed October 7, 2015, revealed under discrepancy 6 to comply with Continental Motors Critical Service Bulletin CSB15-2 – Oil Cooler Cross Fitting Replacement. The maintenance was deferred to a later date because the "owner was out of time to wait and requested" to complete the CSB during the next maintenance service. The work order also noted that the CSB was deferred due to the engine manufacturer being out of stock of oil cooler cross fittings. According to the maintenance facility inventory report, four oil cooler cross fittings were received from the engine manufacturer on September 29, 2015, immediately after they were back in stock. The pilot had already decided to defer this CSB, therefore it was not completed.
Meteorological Information and Flight Plan
Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KFYV, 1259 ft msl
Observation Time: 0953 CST
Distance from Accident Site: 3 Nautical Miles
Direction from Accident Site: 175°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Temperature/Dew Point: 16°C / 14°C
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility: 10 Miles
Wind Speed/Gusts, Direction: 9 knots/ 17 knots, 190°
Visibility (RVR):
Altimeter Setting: 30.11 inches Hg
Visibility (RVV):
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: BENTONVILLE, AR (VBT)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: IFR
Destination: WACO, TX (ACT)
Type of Clearance: IFR
Departure Time: 0934 CST
Type of Airspace: Class C; Class D; Class E
At 0953, the weather observation at FYV recorded wind from 190 at 9 knots, gusting to 17 knots, 10 miles visibility, clear sky, temperature 61° F, dew point 57° F, and altimeter setting 30.11 inches of mercury.
Airport Information
Airport: DRAKE FIELD (FYV)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 1252 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Unknown
Runway Used: 16
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 6005 ft / 100 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Forced Landing; Straight-in
Wreckage and Impact Information
Crew Injuries: 1 Minor
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 1 Minor, 1 None
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: 1 Minor
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 3 Minor, 1 None
Latitude, Longitude: 36.056667, -94.174444 (est)
The airplane landed on the east bound side of a four lane road in Fayetteville, Arkansas. The airplane impacted a moving vehicle, then a curb, and came to rest on the sidewalk with the nose facing east. The left landing gear had partially collapsed outward, the right landing gear was separated, and the nose landing gear had collapsed and separated. The left wing sustained leading edge damage near the wing tip. The right wing sustained damage to the leading edge near the wing root. The bottom of the fuselage was damaged. A black oily residue was observed from the bottom of the fuselage to the bottom tip of the rudder. The parachute was found on the ground behind the airplane.
A postaccident examination was conducted on November 4, 2015. During the examination there was no evidence of a breach in the crankcase or the oil sump; however, the nipple fitting that connected to the oil cooler cross fitting was separated and oil residue was observed in the engine compartment. The top spark plugs were removed and found to be in "normal condition" when compared to a Champion Aviation Check-A-Plug AV-27 chart. However, each of the top spark plugs exhibited a dark, sooty coloration indicative of a rich fuel air mixture. Each of the six cylinders were examined with a lighted borescope. The intake and exhaust valves were intact with normal coloration and combustion signatures. The damaged propeller was manually rotated revealing that the internal engine components were "tight" and not easily rotated. The oil dipstick was removed and the engine oil level appeared to be 1 to 2 quarts. All fuel system components remained intact and attached to the engine. The magnetos remained intact and in place with no apparent impact damage. All other engine accessories were intact and unremarkable.
Engine Examination and Disassembly
The engine was disassembled at the engine manufacturer's facility on November 23, 2015, under the supervision of the NTSB. The examination revealed that the nipple fitting that connected to the oil cooler cross fitting had fractured. The cross fitting had several tool marks on the flat sides of the part. The engine exhibited mechanical damage signatures on all rod and main bearing journals. The Nos. 1 and 3 rods had released from the crankshaft and internal damage to the interior of the crankcase was noted. The oil pump was examined and there was no indication of hard particle passage noted. The oil sump contained metal fragments of the rod bearings from the released connecting rods. The remainder of the engine exhibited normal operating signatures, with the exception of the mechanical and thermal damage.
Additional Information
Recorded Flight Data – Cirrus Recoverable Data Module
The airplane's recoverable data module (RDM) was removed and sent to the NTSB Vehicle Recorders Laboratory for download. The data revealed that the airplane departed and climbed at a constant speed with the oil pressure indicating about 50 psi. At 0943:30, as the airplane was climbing through 9,500 ft msl, the oil pressure began to decrease. The airplane reached a peak altitude of 9,830 ft msl. At 0944 the oil pressure had decreased to 36 psi and the airplane made a left turn and started to descend. The airplane descended for about 7 minutes as the oil pressure decreased about 0.5 psi per second until it reached about 3 psi. Engine RPM decreased to 0 as oil pressure decreased below 1 psi at 0950:30.
Continental Motors Critical Service Bulletin CSB15-2 – Oil Cooler Cross Fitting Replacement
The CSB15-2 was originally published on July 2, 2015, and the purpose was to replace the old oil cooler cross fitting with a new enhanced cross fitting within the next 25 hours of engine operation or the next scheduled inspection or engine servicing, whichever occurred first." The bulletin noted "compliance necessary to maintain safety" and further stated "Continental Motors, Inc. (CMI) is aware of some occurrences in which the there was a loss of engine oil due to a fractured nipple fitting that connects the cross fitting to the pipe bushing at the oil cooler. Design improvements consolidate the oil cooler cross fitting stack-up into a single part, which significantly increases the strength and provides a simplified installation procedure for installing the oil cooler cross fitting found on specified TSIO-550 and TSIOF-550 engines."
CSB15-2A – The bulletin was revised on October 30, 2015, with updated warranty information and updated illustrated parts catalog instructions.
CSB15-2B – As a result of this accident investigation the bulletin was revised on November 6, 2015, to update the engine models affected.
Continental Motors Critical Service Bulletin CSB15-7 – Oil Cooler Cross Fitting Replacement
CSB15-7 – As a result of this accident investigation another critical service bulletin was issued on November 6, 2015. This bulletin was essentially the same as CSB15-2B, but was issued specifically for the accident engine model, TSIO-550-K. Additionally, the compliance time was updated from CSB15-2B and stated "Prior to further flight. A maximum of 5 hours flight time is authorized for aircraft repositioning in order to comply with this bulletin."
CSB15-7A – As a result of this accident investigation this bulletin was revised on November 10, 2015, to include specific engine serial numbers affected.
CSB15-7B – As a result of this accident investigation this bulletin was revised on April 26, 2016, with an updated compliance time which stated "Prior to further flight. A maximum of 5 hours flight time is authorized for aircraft repositioning in order to comply with this bulletin. An alternative method of compliance for hose and connection fittings may be available from the airframe manufacturer. Contact the airframe manufacturer for compliance alternatives under their authority."
Cirrus Aircraft Service Advisory SA15-04
Cirrus issued service advisories following the release of Continental Motors CSB15-2 and CSB15-7, informing Cirrus SR22T customers of the CSBs and issued mandatory compliance times.
Federal Aviation Administration regulations do not require compliance with service bulletins for aircraft operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91.
Tests And Research
Metallurgy Testing
The fractured nipple fitting surface was examined by the engine manufacturer's metallurgy laboratory. The examination revealed that the part separated in fatigue, which initiated at a thread root at the assembled intersection of the pipe nipple and bushing.
NTSB Identification: CEN16LA026
14 CFR Part 91: General Aviation
Accident occurred Tuesday, November 03, 2015 in Fayetteville, AR
Aircraft: CIRRUS DESIGN CORP SR22T, registration: N857SW
Injuries: 3 Minor, 1 Uninjured.
This is preliminary information, subject to change, and may contain errors. Any errors in this report will be corrected when the final report has been completed. NTSB investigators may not have traveled in support of this investigation and used data provided by various sources to prepare this aircraft accident report.
On November 3, 2015, at 0950 central standard time, a Cirrus SR22T airplane, N857SW, descended under the canopy of the cirrus airframe parachute system (CAPS) and landed on a road in Fayetteville, Arkansas. The pilot, pilot rated passenger and one person on the ground received minor injuries. One passenger in the back right seat was uninjured. The airplane was substantially damaged. The airplane was registered to WG Aviation LLC, Rogers, Arkansas, and operated by a private individual under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan was filed. The flight departed from the Bentonville Municipal Airport (VBT), Bentonville, Arkansas, at 0934 and was en route to the Waco Regional Airport (ACT), Waco, Texas.
According to the pilot, after departure from ACT he leveled off around 10,000 ft mean sea level (MSL) and was in "VFR on top" conditions. The pilot noticed that the crew alerting system (CAS) flashed a yellow caution light for oil pressure; the engine was still producing power. The pilot notified air traffic control (ATC) of the issue and received vectors to the nearest airport, Drake Field Airport (FYV), Fayetteville, Arkansas. The pilot descended and maneuvered toward FYV as the CAS indicated a red warning light for oil pressure, which had dropped below 10 psi. The engine was producing inconsistent power as the airplane descended to 3,300 ft and FYV was still not in sight due to cloud coverage. The pilot was unable to maintain altitude and the airplane's stall warning horned sounded. The pilot deployed the Cirrus airframe parachute system (CAPS) and descended to the ground. During the landing the airplane collided with a truck and then came to rest on a four lane road.
At 0953, the weather observation at FYV reported wind from 190 at 9 knots, gusting to 17 knots, 10 miles visibility, clear sky, temperature 61° F, dew point 57° F, and altimeter setting 30.11 inches of mercury.
An initial postaccident examination was conducted on November 4, 2015, in Fayetteville. Engine oil was observed on the underside of the fuselage. The oil cooler cross fitting was broken and oil was observed in the engine compartment.
The airplane's recoverable data module and three data cards were removed and sent to the NTSB Vehicle Recorders Laboratory for download.
The airplane has been retained for further examination.
It was a great day for a plane crash. Thank goodness CAPS worked as designed and no one received more than a minor injury.
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