Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Loss of Control on Ground: Cessna 172S Skyhawk SP, N6097G; accident occurred October 15, 2019 at Bowman Field Airport (KLOU), Louisville, Kentucky



Location: Louisville, KY
Accident Number: GAA20CA023
Date & Time: 10/15/2019, 1447 EDT
Registration: N6097G
Aircraft: Cessna 172
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of control on ground
Injuries: 1 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Instructional

Analysis 

The solo student pilot reported that, while in the traffic pattern to land, the flaps would not lower, and he had to move the flap lever up and down several times to troubleshoot. Once on the base leg, he realized that the airplane was faster than normal. On final, he extended the flaps to 30° but felt the airplane was too high and fast. He reduced power to correct, and over the threshold, the airplane encountered a crosswind which pushed the airplane to the left of the runway centerline. He reduced power to idle and pushed the nose down "too quickly." The nose landing gear hit the runway first, the airplane porpoised, and he attempted to pitch the nose up to decrease airspeed. He was then worried that the airplane would aerodynamically stall "too high in the air," so he pitched the nose down. The airplane landed hard in the grass left of the runway, the nose dug into the ground, and the airplane came to rest inverted. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the right wing. The student reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation and that he should have added full power and performed a go-around. He added that he felt pressured to land the airplane to "get out of everyone's way." 

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
The student pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a porpoised landing, a subsequent hard landing on grass left of the runway, and a nose-over. Contributing to the accident was the student's self-imposed pressure to land the airplane. 

Findings

Aircraft
Landing flare - Not attained/maintained (Cause)

Personnel issues
Aircraft control - Student pilot (Cause)
Motivation/respond to pressure - Student pilot (Factor)

Environmental issues
Soft surface - Effect on operation (Cause)
Crosswind - Effect on operation (Cause)

Factual Information

History of Flight

Landing
Abnormal runway contact
Hard landing
Loss of control on ground (Defining event)
Runway excursion
Nose over/nose down

Student Pilot Information

Certificate: Student
Age: 47, Male
Airplane Rating(s): None
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 3 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 05/30/2019
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time:  (Estimated) 52 hours (Total, all aircraft), 52 hours (Total, this make and model), 1 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 20 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 5 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft)

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Cessna
Registration: N6097G
Model/Series: 172 S
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 2004
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal; Utility
Serial Number: 172S9673
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 09/17/2019, 100 Hour
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2550 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 7736.8 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer: Lycoming
ELT: C91A installed, activated, aided in locating accident
Engine Model/Series: IO-360-L2A
Registered Owner: Bccm Aircraft Holdings Llc
Rated Power: 160 hp
Operator: Cardinal Wings Aviation LLC
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KLOU, 540 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 1853 UTC
Direction from Accident Site: 69°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 11 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 200°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 29.91 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 23°C / 12°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Georgetown, KY (27K)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Louisville, KY (LOU)
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 1405 EDT
Type of Airspace: Class D

Airport Information

Airport: BOWMAN FIELD (LOU)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 545 ft
Runway Surface Condition: Dry
Runway Used: 15
IFR Approach: None
Runway Length/Width: 3580 ft / 75 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Full Stop; Traffic Pattern

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 None
Latitude, Longitude: 38.227778, -85.664722 (est)






















AIRCRAFT:    
2004 CESSNA 172S N6097G, s/n: 172S9673, 7736.8 Tach, 324.4 Hobbs

ENGINE:    
Lycoming IO-360-L2A, s/n: L-31538-51A, 7736.8 TSN, 3103.4 TSMOH (10/21/2015)

PROPELLER:  
MCCAULEY 1A170E/JHA7660, s/n: YE23029, 7736.8 TSN, 3103.4 TSMOH

EQUIPMENT:  
Bendix King KX-155A
Garmin GTN-650
Stratus Appareo Transponder
Bendix King KAP-140
Bendix King KMA-28
Bendix King KMD-550
Bendix King KX-155A
Garmin GTN-650
Stratus Appareo Transponder
Bendix King KAP-140
Bendix King KMA-28
Bendix King KMD-550

DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT:  
On 10/15/19, aircraft overran edge of runway, cart wheeled, and flipped over onto the aircraft’s back. 

DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGES:   
Damage includes but may not be limited to the following:  
prop strike
right wing (destroyed)
right wing strut (destroyed)
forward windscreen (cracked)
nose gear tire (destroyed)
firewall (lower firewall severely buckled)
forward belly (buckled)
upper & lower cowlings (attach points broken)
left wing (destroyed)
top of cabin (buckled)
vertical stabilizer (top crushed)
rudder (top slightly crushed; buckled)
empennage (buckled just forward of aft bulkhead)
right flap (inboard edge damaged when it went through side window)
aft co-pilot's side window (destroyed)
frame around aft co-pilot's side window (gouged and bent)

LOCATION OF AIRCRAFT:
AMF Aviation, Springfield, TN

http://www.avclaims.com/N6097G.html

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