Wednesday, January 12, 2022

Eurocopter EC 135P2+, N531LN: Accident occurred January 11, 2022 in Drexel Hill, Delaware County, Pennsylvania

This is preliminary information, subject to change, and may contain errors. Any errors in this report will be corrected when the final report has been completed.

The National Transportation Safety Board traveled to the scene of this accident.

Additional Participating Entities:
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Airbus Helicopters; Grand Prairie, Texas
Air Methods; Greenwood Village, Colorado 
German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation; Braunschweig

LifeNet
Air Methods Corporation


Location: Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania 
Accident Number: ERA22FA105
Date and Time: January 11, 2022, 12:55 Local
Registration: N531LN
Aircraft: EUROCOPTER DEUTSCHLAND GMBH EC 135 P2+ 
Injuries: 1 Minor, 3 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 135: Air taxi and commuter - Non-scheduled - Air Medical (Medical emergency)

On January 11, 2022, about 1255 eastern standard time, a Eurocopter EC-135 P2+, N531LN, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania. The airline transport pilot was seriously injured. The two medical crewmembers and the patient were not injured. The helicopter was operated by Air Methods Corporation as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 135 air ambulance flight.

Preliminary Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) data revealed that the helicopter departed Chambersburg Hospital Heliport (PA60) about 1205 and was destined for Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Heliport (9PN2), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The track showed the helicopter in a cruise profile on an easterly track about 3,500 ft mean sea level (msl). About 1243, the helicopter descended and then leveled about 2,800 ft msl, then subsequently descended and leveled at 1,500 ft msl, tracking directly toward 9PN2. At 1253:11, the helicopter track depicted a series of heading and altitude excursions. The plots depicted altitudes between 1,700 ft msl and 1,250 ft msl before the target disappeared at 12:53:17.

In a written statement, a witness whose home was directly beneath the helicopter’s flight path said that he was an aviation enthusiast and was familiar with the many helicopters flying to and from area hospitals. He said that his attention was drawn to the accident helicopter because it was “very low and louder than normal” and that the “tone” of the rotors was unfamiliar. According to the witness, the helicopter was “in a nose down attitude… far less than 1,000 ft above the ground… [and] rotating around its longitudinal axis.”

A doorbell camera about 1 mile from the accident site, and approximately beneath the helicopter’s flight path, captured both audio and video of the helicopter’s initial descent from its cruise altitude. The sound could be heard before the helicopter entered the frame. The helicopter’s departure from controlled flight was not captured, as it was blocked by a porch awning on the front of the house. A high-pitched whine was heard, increasing in volume and pitch before the helicopter appeared beneath the awning above the camera in a near vertical, nose-down descent. The helicopter’s angle of descent shallowed as it disappeared behind a tree line. The volume and pitch of the sound continued to increase for a time after the helicopter disappeared and before the sound ultimately faded.

A second witness nearby said that he saw a helicopter “very low…very loud…banked right and left out of control, then appeared to straighten…” before it disappeared from view.

Brief video clips from open-source media outlets showed the helicopter upright, in a steep descent, exhibiting small but rapid changes in each axis (pitch, roll, yaw). A home doorbell camera captured the last second of flight as the helicopter appeared level in the frame, in a slight nose-up attitude, as it impacted the ground, separating the tailboom, then disappeared from view.

The pilot made himself available for interview, but the interview was postponed due to his medical condition.

The flight nurse and flight medic were interviewed by a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aviation safety inspector. According to the flight medic, the flight was routine, and they were within 10 minutes of landing at 9PN2. He and the flight nurse were out of their seats treating the patient when a loud “bang” was heard, and the helicopter banked sharply right and continued into a right roll. The medic said that the helicopter rolled inverted, perhaps multiple times, and that he and the nurse were “pinned to the ceiling” and internal communication was lost. The helicopter was leveled, the patient was secured, the crewmembers secured themselves in their seats, and they braced for landing.

Following the accident, the flight nurse evacuated the patient, then evacuated the pilot while the medic shut down both engines. The nurse travelled with the patient while the medic travelled with the pilot to area hospitals.

The pilot held an airline transport pilot certificate with ratings for airplane multiengine land and rotorcraft-helicopter, with private pilot privileges for airplane single engine. The pilot’s most recent second-class FAA medical certificate was issued on August 26, 2021.

The operator reported that the pilot had accrued 4,123 total hours of flight experience of which 3,400 hours were in helicopters and 185 hours were in the accident helicopter make and model.

The helicopter was examined at the accident site and all major components were accounted for at the scene. There was a strong odor of fuel and evidence of fuel spillage. The wreckage path was oriented about 150° magnetic and measured about 108 ft long. The initial impact point was in a tree about 40 ft tall, and pieces of freshly broken and cut wood were found beneath it.

The helicopter came to rest on its left side, nearly inverted, against a stone wall. The tailboom was separated at the fuselage and rested between the helicopter and the wall. The fenestron was intact inside its shroud. Fenestron drive and control continuity was confirmed through several breaks which appeared due to overload. The fenestron flexball cable was found wrapped around the main rotor mast. The landing gear was destroyed by impact and the windscreen and chin bubble on the copilot’s (left) side were destroyed; the airframe and cockpit and cabin floors displayed impact fractures, but the cockpit, instrument panel, and cabin area remained largely intact. The cockpit controls were connected and  intact. While the yaw control pedals remained attached to their respective control tubes, the floor structure that contained each pedal assembly mount was fractured. The engines and main transmission were secure in their mounts, the main rotor hub was attached to the mast, and the root ends of all four main rotor blades were secure in the hub. Two main rotor blades were wrapped around the mast, one was straight with a chordwise fracture, and the fourth was separated from the hub during recovery. Later, all four blades were cut near their root to facilitate further examination.

The wreckage was recovered to an aircraft recovery facility in Clayton, Delaware, for further examination.

The engines and main transmission were secure in their mounts. Continuity was confirmed from the main rotor head, through the transmission, to the #1 and #2 high speed shafts. The functionality of the freewheeling unit was confirmed.

Cyclic and collective control continuity were confirmed from the controls to the main rotor system. The blue pitch-change link was fractured due to overload, and the yellow link was impact damaged.

Data downloaded from each engine revealed nominal engine performance consistent with the mission profile across the duration of the flight.

Components from the cockpit warning system, electrical and hydraulic components from the autopilot and flight control system, as well as fluid samples, were retained for further examination.

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: EUROCOPTER DEUTSCHLAND GMBH
Registration: N531LN
Model/Series: EC 135 P2+
Aircraft Category: Helicopter
Amateur Built:
Operator: 
Operating Certificate(s) Held: On-demand air taxi (135)
Operator Designator Code:

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: VMC
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: PHL, 10 ft msl 
Observation Time: 12:54 Local
Distance from Accident Site: 6 Nautical Miles
Temperature/Dew Point: -4°C /-19°C
Lowest Cloud Condition: Few / 6000 ft AGL
Wind Speed/Gusts, Direction: 8 knots / 17 knots, 310°
Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: 10 miles
Altimeter Setting: 30.53 inches Hg 
Type of Flight Plan Filed: VFR
Departure Point: Chambersburg, PA (PA60)
Destination: Philadelphia, PA (9PN2)

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 Minor, 2 None 
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Fire: On-ground
Ground Injuries: 
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 Minor, 3 None 
Latitude, Longitude: 39.947563,-75.30347 (est)

9 comments:

  1. Flight track:
    https://flightaware.com/live/flight/N531LN
    https://globe.adsbexchange.com/?icao=a6b52b&lat=39.948&lon=-75.322&zoom=15.7&showTrace=2022-01-11&trackLabels

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  2. Always good to see the cabin structure hold together for a survivable outcome when crash forces are not extreme. Hoping for speedy recovery from injuries.

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  3. Replies
    1. Neither a tail rotor failure nor a transmission failure will cause a helicopter to roll inverted. This was a flight control/hydraulic failure.

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    2. It landed upright pretty hard, then rolled on its side.

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  4. The report states the fenestron flexball cable had parted, wrapping itself around the main rotor mast and likely fracturing the blue pitch-change link. With the pitch-change link damaged, the blue blade could randomly fly uncommanded initiating the rolling moment. Without the ability to cross control via the fenestron there was no capability to dampen the roll. I don't believe this was a flight control hydraulic failure due to the redundant systems. Furthermore, I wouldn't associate a loud bang with a hydraulic system failure... just a Caution Light. However, if the flexball cable failed it definitely would've generated a loud bang either as it separated within the tail pylon or after it snapped the blue pitch-change link. There are several emergency procedures in the RFM but nothing comes close to this grotesque scenario which gives you an unwritten emergency with very little time to figure it out. Amazed that all survived although Captain Moore has a harder row to hoe. Godspeed!

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    Replies
    1. Flexball cable wasn't wrapped around main rotor during the roll.

      Report says video showed the helicopter as it impacted the ground, separating the tailboom.

      Fenestron flexball control cable can't get outside of the tail boom containment unless boom is separated. Not possible to wrap around and impede main rotor pitch control while boom is still on.

      Roll and inverted flight happened before ground impact, at which time the tail boom separated and flexball cable was drawn into and wrapped around the main rotor.

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  5. So many moving parts in a helicopter .. it's a miracle all survived ... getting it down after it barrel rolled like an F-16 will be quite the interview from our Good Captain .. Godspeed indeed

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