Aerodynamic Stall / Spin: Cessna 172N Skyhawk II, N734HF; accident occurred April 01, 2020 at North Perry Airport (KHWO), Hollywood, Broward County, Florida

Aviation Accident Final Report - National Transportation Safety Board 

Additional Participating Entity:

Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Orlando, Florida 

Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board:

https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket

Icaro Learn2fly

Aeroflyin Corp

https://registry.faa.gov/N734HF

Location: Hollywood, FL
Accident Number: ERA20CA146
Date & Time: 04/01/2020, 1430 EDT
Registration: N734HF
Aircraft: Cessna 172
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Aerodynamic stall/spin
Injuries: 3 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Instructional 

Analysis

The flight instructor reported that, during a flight review, the private pilot completed five touch-and-go landings in gusting wind conditions. During the landing flare for the sixth touch-and-go landing, a strong wind gust forced the airplane out of ground effect, and the instructor called for a go-around. During the go-around, the pilot did not add full power, and the instructor took the flight controls; however, the airplane had already stalled. Subsequently, the airplane descended, impacted the left side of the runway, continued off the runway into grass, and nosed over. The right wing and vertical stabilizer sustained substantial damage. The instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunction or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Probable Cause and Findings

The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:

The pilot's failure to apply full engine power during the initiation of a go-around in gusting wind conditions and his exceedance of the airplane's critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall at low altitude, and the flight instructor's delayed remedial action. 

Findings

Personnel issues Use of equip/system - Pilot

Personnel issues Aircraft control - Pilot

Personnel issues Delayed action - Instructor/check pilot

Aircraft Angle of attack - Capability exceeded

Environmental issues Gusts - Effect on operation

Factual Information

History of Flight

Landing-flare/touchdown Other weather encounter

Approach-VFR go-around Aerodynamic stall/spin (Defining event)

Pilot Information

Certificate: Flight Instructor; Commercial
Age: 24, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Multi-engine Land; Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Right
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): Airplane
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): Airplane Multi-engine; Airplane Single-engine
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 1 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 07/23/2019
Occupational Pilot: Yes
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 11/22/2019
Flight Time:  2328.3 hours (Total, all aircraft), 1867.4 hours (Total, this make and model), 2284.3 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 200.4 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 50.1 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 5 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)

Pilot Information

Certificate: Private
Age: 31, Male
Airplane Rating(s): Multi-engine Land; Single-engine Land
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): None
Restraint Used:
Instrument Rating(s): None
Second Pilot Present: Yes
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 1 Without Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 01/23/2020
Occupational Pilot: No
Last Flight Review or Equivalent:
Flight Time:   1640.2 hours (Total, all aircraft), 340 hours (Total, this make and model), 335.2 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 6.7 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 3.4 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 0.2 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Cessna
Registration: N734HF
Model/Series: 172 N
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Year of Manufacture: 1977
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 17268861
Landing Gear Type: Tricycle
Seats: 4
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 03/25/2020, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2299 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 7106 Hours at time of accident
Engine Manufacturer:Lycoming 
ELT: Installed, activated, did not aid in locating accident
Engine Model/Series: O-320-H2AD
Registered Owner: Aeroflyin Corp
Rated Power: 160 hp
Operator: Aeroflyin Corp
Operating Certificate(s) Held: Pilot School (141)
Operator Does Business As: ICARO LEARN2FLY
Operator Designator Code: 

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: HWO, 6 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 0 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 1410 EDT
Direction from Accident Site:
Lowest Cloud Condition: Clear
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 13 knots / 22 knots
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 290°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 29.82 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point:29°C / 12°C 
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Hollywood, FL (HWO)
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Destination: Hollywood, FL (HWO) 
Type of Clearance:None
Departure Time: 1330 EDT
Type of Airspace: Class D

Airport Information

Airport: North Perry (HWO)
Runway Surface Type: Asphalt
Airport Elevation: 8 ft
Runway Surface Condition:Dry 
Runway Used: 28R
IFR Approach:None 
Runway Length/Width: 3241 ft / 100 ft
VFR Approach/Landing: Touch and Go

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 2 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 3 None
Latitude, Longitude:  26.001111, -80.240833 (est)