Sunday, October 07, 2018

JetBlue, Airbus A321-200, N923JB: Incident occurred October 07, 2018 at McCarran International Airport (KLAS), Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada

On Sunday, October 7th, 2018, JetBlue Flight 178 from Las Vegas to Boston experienced smoke coming from its right engine before takeoff. The smoke was quickly suppressed and the aircraft taxied safely back to the gate. All customers have safely deplaned and the aircraft has been taken out of service for inspection. We are currently working to re-accommodate customers.

https://registry.faa.gov/N923JB

LAS VEGAS (FOX5) -- A JetBlue flight was cancelled Sunday morning after a fire broke out in the plane's right-hand engine, according to officials from McCarran Airport.

At 11:30 a.m., the airport's control center was notified of the fire, officials said. The Clark County Fire Department responded to the scene; the fire was put out by 12:03 p.m.

McCarran officials said 146 passengers were on board the flight, but no injuries were reported. The plane was forced to return the gate and the flight was cancelled.

No details were released on what caused the fire.

Original article can be found here ➤  https://www.fox5vegas.com

Cessna T182T Turbo Skylane, N5271F: Incident occurred October 07, 2018 in Williston, Levy County, Florida

Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Tampa, Florida

Landed on a highway.

https://registry.faa.gov/N5271F

Date: 07-OCT-18
Time: 22:17:00Z
Regis#: N5271F
Aircraft Make: CESSNA
Aircraft Model: T182T
Event Type: INCIDENT
Highest Injury: NONE
Aircraft Missing: No
Damage: UNKNOWN
Activity: UNKNOWN
Flight Phase: LANDING (LDG)
City: WILLISTON
State: FLORIDA





A single engine plane was forced to make an emergency landing on US Hwy Alt 27 near the intersection with CR335A on Sunday, October 7, 2018.

The pilot was forced to put the plane down in the median after running out of fuel.

Williston Fire Rescue, Levy County Fire Rescue, and the Florida Highway Patrol all responded to the scene.

The pilot was not injured and the plane was not damaged during the landing, nor were any other vehicles.

As of 6:45pm, on Sunday, October 7, 2018, the scene was not clear, but the Levy County Sheriff's Office said that it should be soon.

Original article can be found here ➤  https://www.wcjb.com

Williston Fire responded with Levy County Fire Rescue and FHP to an emergency landing. The pilot of this small plane was forced to make an emergency landing in the median of US Hwy Alt 27 at the intersection of CR335A when he ran out of fuel. He was able to successfully complete the landing with no injury, damage to his plane or other vehicles. FHP remains on the scene until the plane can be removed. Please use extreme caution in this area and remember, Pay attention.... MOVE OVER! -Station 72 - Williston Fire Rescue

Enstrom F-28C, operated by J&J Shop HeliAir LLC as a local sightseeing flight conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91, N5691Y: Accident occurred October 07, 2018 in Bridgeville, Sussex County, Delaware

The National Transportation Safety Board did not travel to the scene of this accident.

Additional Participating Entity: 

Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Aviation Accident Factual Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf


Investigation Docket - National Transportation Safety Board: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms


https://registry.faa.gov/N5691Y


Location: Bridgeville, DE
Accident Number: ERA19TA005
Date & Time: 10/07/2018, 1340 EDT
Registration: N5691Y
Aircraft: Enstrom F28
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Defining Event: Loss of control in flight
Injuries: 4 None
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Aerial Observation - Sightseeing 

On October 7, 2018, at 1340 eastern daylight time, an Enstrom F-28C helicopter, N5691Y, was substantially damaged when it impacted terrain shortly after takeoff from a field in Bridgeville, Delaware. The commercial pilot and three passengers were not injured. The helicopter was operated by J&J Shop HeliAir LLC as a local sightseeing flight conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the local flight.

According to the pilot, during takeoff with power lines and farm equipment nearby, he increased the throttle to the maximum engine and rotor rpm, and began a climbing left turn, where he subsequently noticed a "slight decaying of rotor rpm." While headed toward the power lines, he "slightly" reduced the collective, while increasing the throttle, in effort to increase rotor rpm, but his corrections did not increase the rotor rpm. Nearing the power lines, he reported that he "pulled collective" which "further degraded" the low rotor rpm state, as the helicopter cleared the power lines. After clearing the power lines, the helicopter was about 50 to 75 ft above ground level, and the engine and rotor rpms were "well below minimums." With the helicopter sinking, the pilot pulled "full collective" just prior to impact with terrain, and the helicopter touched down hard.

The pilot reported that he had previously flown 12 flights with passengers prior to the accident flight and did not notice any abnormalities with the helicopter, nor was he aware of any "mechanical issues" with the helicopter during the accident flight.

According to a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector who examined the helicopter at the accident site, it impacted terrain about 1,000 ft northeast of the departure point in an upright configuration. The tail boom had separated from the fuselage, which resulted in substantial damage to the tail rotor drive shaft, tail boom, and tail rotors. Control continuity was established for the throttle, cyclic, and collective controls. A subsequent engine examination and test run did not reveal evidence of any preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation.

The operator held an FAA Letter of Authorization to conduct commercial air tour operations under Title 14 CFR Part 91.147. The operator reported that their policy was to conduct flights with a maximum of two passengers, however, the accident flight commenced with three passengers. Following the accident, the operator reiterated to all company pilots and staff that flights cannot have more than two passengers.

According to FAA airman records, the pilot held a commercial pilot certificate with ratings for helicopter and instrument helicopter. His most recent second-class medical certificate was issued in September 2018. He reported a total of 1,864 flight hours, 74 hours of which were in the accident helicopter make and model.

According to FAA airworthiness records, the helicopter was powered by a Lycoming HIO-360-E1AD, 205-horsepower engine, and had 3 seats. The most recent annual inspection was completed in August 2018.

At 1332, the weather conditions reported at Dover Air Force Base, Dover, Delaware, about 25 miles from the accident site, included wind from 240° at 6 knots, visibility 10 statute miles, scattered clouds at 2,400 ft above ground, temperature 28°C, and dew point 22°C.

The pilot's operating handbook stated in part:

MAXIMUM POWER TAKEOFF FROM CONFINED AREAS

Conditions may occur in which the helicopter must be operated from confined areas in which take-off distances (from hover to best rate of climb speed) are not sufficient to clear obstacles that may be in the flight path (trees, buildings, wires, etc.). In order to clear such obstacles safely, the climb portion of the take-off must utilize the best angle of climb airspeed (30 MPH safe side of height velocity curve). This angle of climb will substantially shorten the distance required to clear obstacles. To accomplish this type of take-off, hover helicopter at 3 to 5 feet altitude and 2900 RPM. Apply forward cyclic smoothly. As the helicopter begins to accelerate forward, apply collective and throttle until 36.5 inches of manifold pressure is obtained at 2900 engine RPM. Do not increase collective beyond this point (over pitching) as this will cause engine and rotor RPM to decrease. Maintain 3 to 5 feet altitude by use of cyclic control. As translational speed is reached (15-20 MPH) apply aft cyclic to seek climb angle that will maintain 30-35 MPH (refer to height ~ velocity diagram in flight manual). After clearing all obstacles at this airspeed, apply forward cyclic and readjust collective and throttle as desired for further flight.

Pilot Information

Certificate: Commercial
Age: 62, Male
Airplane Rating(s): None
Seat Occupied: Left
Other Aircraft Rating(s): Helicopter
Restraint Used: 4-point
Instrument Rating(s): Helicopter
Second Pilot Present: No
Instructor Rating(s): None
Toxicology Performed: No
Medical Certification: Class 2 With Waivers/Limitations
Last FAA Medical Exam: 09/20/2018
Occupational Pilot: Yes
Last Flight Review or Equivalent: 08/14/2018
Flight Time:   1864 hours (Total, all aircraft), 74 hours (Total, this make and model), 939 hours (Pilot In Command, all aircraft), 44 hours (Last 90 days, all aircraft), 27 hours (Last 30 days, all aircraft), 5 hours (Last 24 hours, all aircraft)

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Enstrom
Registration: N5691Y
Model/Series: F28 C
Aircraft Category: Helicopter
Year of Manufacture: 1979
Amateur Built: No
Airworthiness Certificate: Normal
Serial Number: 479-2
Landing Gear Type: Skid
Seats: 3
Date/Type of Last Inspection: 08/14/2018, Annual
Certified Max Gross Wt.: 2350 lbs
Time Since Last Inspection:
Engines: 1 Reciprocating
Airframe Total Time: 5462.8 Hours as of last inspection
Engine Manufacturer: Lycoming
ELT: Not installed
Engine Model/Series: HIO-360-E1AD
Registered Owner: J&J Shop Heliair LLC.
Rated Power: 205 hp
Operator: J&J Shop Heliair LLC.
Operating Certificate(s) Held: Certificate of Authorization or Waiver (COA)

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Visual Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KDOV, 28 ft msl
Distance from Accident Site: 25 Nautical Miles
Observation Time: 1332 EDT
Direction from Accident Site: 10°
Lowest Cloud Condition: Scattered / 2400 ft agl
Visibility:  10 Miles
Lowest Ceiling: None
Visibility (RVR):
Wind Speed/Gusts: 6 knots /
Turbulence Type Forecast/Actual: None / None
Wind Direction: 240°
Turbulence Severity Forecast/Actual: N/A / N/A
Altimeter Setting: 30.19 inches Hg
Temperature/Dew Point: 28°C / 22°C
Precipitation and Obscuration: No Obscuration; No Precipitation
Departure Point: Bridgeville, DE
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None 
Destination: Bridgeville, DE
Type of Clearance: None
Departure Time: 1337 EDT
Type of Airspace: Class G

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 None
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: 3 None
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 4 None
Latitude, Longitude: 38.715278, -75.570556





A helicopter crash-landed in a soybean field near Bridgeville Sunday afternoon. 

There were four people in the helicopter including the pilot, according to State Police. The passengers, a 41-year-old woman from Lewes and two children ages 7 and 4, were taken to Nanticoke Memorial Hospital as a precaution but were not injured. 

The crash took place during a fall festival at Evans Farms on Seashore Highway, police said. The helicopter, a 1981 Enstrom FA28C with approximately 15 gallons of fuel, took off about 1:37 p.m. The pilot, 62, of Bridgeville, reported the rotorcraft lost power as he cleared irrigation and electrical lines, according to State Police.

The helicopter traveled approximately 300 yards east before making a hard landing in an adjacent soybean field, State Police said. 

J&J Shop Heliair was scheduled to provide helicopter rides at the festival, according to Evans Farms' website. 

The helicopter tour company could not immediately be reached for comment. According to its website, owner Jay James and his staff of five pilots give tours in both Maryland and Delaware, as well as offering flying lessons. 

They have locations in Milton and Berlin, Maryland. 

Evans Farms also could not immediately be reached for comment. 

The National Transportation Safety Board and Federal Aviation Administration will investigate the crash, State Police said.

Original article ➤ https://www.delawareonline.com

Piper J3C-65 Cub, N38811: Fatal accident occurred October 06, 2018 in Fancy Gap, Carroll County, Virginia

The National Transportation Safety Board traveled to the scene of this accident.

Additional Participating Entities: 
Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Charleston, West Virginia
Continental Motors Inc.; Mobile, Alabama 

Aviation Accident Preliminary Report - National Transportation Safety Board: https://app.ntsb.gov/pdf

https://registry.faa.gov/N38811

Location: Fancy Gap, VA
Accident Number: ERA19FA003
Date & Time: 10/06/2018, EDT
Registration: N38811
Aircraft: Piper J3C
Injuries: 1 Fatal
Flight Conducted Under: Part 91: General Aviation - Personal 

On October 6, 2018, at an unknown time, a Piper J3C-65, N38811, was substantially damaged after it impacted terrain near Fancy Gap, Virginia. The private pilot was fatally injured. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the cross country flight, which originated from Fayette Airport (WV59), Fayetteville, West Virginia, around 1100. The personal flight was conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 and had an intended destination of Twin Lakes Airport (8A7), Mocksville, North Carolina.

According to a family member of the pilot, he left for the airport around 0900 on the day of the accident and most likely departed the airport around 1100. It was not until later in the day when the pilot had not contacted the family member or returned from the flight that the family member reported the pilot as overdue and an alert notice (ALNOT) was issued, around 2220. Then, on October 7, 2018, search and rescue crews reached the accident site about 150 feet below the summit, at 2,766 feet elevation. The accident site was about 95 miles into the 131-mile flight, on a 172° ground track, along the route of flight between the departure and destination airports.

According to an individual who worked in the vicinity of the accident, the weather was "very foggy" on the day of the accident.

According to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airmen records, the pilot held a private pilot certificate with a rating for airplane single engine land. The pilot was issued a third-class medical certificate on July 26, 2012.

According to FAA records, the airplane was manufactured in 1941, and was registered to the pilot in 2017. In addition, it was equipped with a Continental Motors Inc. C85-12F, 85-horsepower engine that drove a fixed pitch propeller. According to the maintenance logs, the most recent annual inspection was completed on May 10, 2018, and as of that date, the engine had accumulated 76.5 hours since major overhaul.

The 1135 recorded weather observation at Twin County Airport (HLX), Hillsville, Virginia, which was about 9 miles northwest of the accident location, included wind from 220° at 7 knots, visibility 10 miles, broken clouds at 1,200 ft above ground level (agl), broken clouds at 1,700 ft agl, overcast clouds at 9,000 ft agl, temperature 23° C, dew point 21° C; and an altimeter setting of 30.28 inches of mercury.

Several trees exhibited impact scars prior to where the airplane came to rest, about 50 ft from the initial tree scar. All major components of the airplane were located in the vicinity of the wreckage. The debris path was oriented on a 320° heading.

The airplane came to rest in a nose down position. The fuselage was impact damaged and the skin was torn. The cabin was impact crushed aft. Sections of the left and right wing were impact separated from the airframe. The empennage remained attached to the fuselage and the skin was torn. The left and right horizontal stabilizers and elevators remained attached to the empennage and were impact damaged. The rudder remained attached to the vertical stabilizer through all attach points and the skin was torn. Control cable continuity was confirmed from all flight control surfaces to their respective flight controls through breaks in the cable consistent with overload and tool cuts made by first responders.

The propeller remained attached to the flange and engine. One blade was bent aft about 20° and the other blade exhibited tip curling. Chordwise scratching was noted on both blades and leading-edge paint rub was also noted. Several cut tree branches were noted along the debris path measuring between 2 and 10 inches, and all appeared to be cut at about a 45° angle.

The engine was impact-separated from the fuselage and was only attached to the fuselage via the throttle cable. The cowling was partially impact separated and removed to facilitate further examination. The oil sump was impact damaged. The oil dipstick remained in the oil filler neck. The intake and exhaust systems were partially separated from the engine. All 4 cylinders remained attached and secured to the engine. No holes or damaged was noted to the crankcase. The propeller would rotate smoothly through 45° of motion, and then stop when it contacted the crankcase. The propeller flange was impact bent and rotational scoring was noted on the propeller. Organic matter similar to wood was noted in the No. 3 cylinder fins. The Nos. 1 and 3 rocker box covers were removed, and oil was noted within. When the propeller was rotated through the 45° of motion, movement was noted on the No. 1 rocker arms. 

Aircraft and Owner/Operator Information

Aircraft Make: Piper
Registration: N38811
Model/Series: J3C 65
Aircraft Category: Airplane
Amateur Built: No
Operator: On file
Operating Certificate(s) Held: None 

Meteorological Information and Flight Plan

Conditions at Accident Site: Instrument Conditions
Condition of Light: Day
Observation Facility, Elevation: KHLX, 2693 ft msl
Observation Time: 1535 UTC
Distance from Accident Site: 9 Nautical Miles
Temperature/Dew Point: 23°C / 21°C
Lowest Cloud Condition:
Wind Speed/Gusts, Direction: 7 knots / , 220°
Lowest Ceiling: Broken / 1200 ft agl
Visibility: 10 Miles
Altimeter Setting: 30.28 inches Hg
Type of Flight Plan Filed: None
Departure Point: Fayetteville, WV (WV59)
Destination: Mocksville, NC (8A7)

Wreckage and Impact Information

Crew Injuries: 1 Fatal
Aircraft Damage: Substantial
Passenger Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Fire: None
Ground Injuries: N/A
Aircraft Explosion: None
Total Injuries: 1 Fatal
Latitude, Longitude: 36.638056, -80.707222

Those who may have information that might be relevant to the National Transportation Safety Board investigation may contact them by email eyewitnessreport@ntsb.gov, and any friends and family who want to contact investigators about the accident should email assistance@ntsb.gov.


“I look at my yesterdays for months past, and find them as good a lot of yesterdays as anybody might want. I sit there in the firelight and see them all. The hours that made them were good, and so were the moments that made the hours. I have had responsibilities and work, dangers and pleasure, good friends, and a world without walls to live in.”

-Beryl Markham, West with the Night

Ralph C. Young, Jr. , 65, of Fayetteville, WV died from injuries received in an aircraft accident on Sunday, October 07, 2018 near Fancy Gap, VA.

Born October 28, 1952 in Erie, PA he was the son of the late Ralph C. Young Sr., a WWII Pilot, and Doris Prentice Young, and stepson of Duane Young of Charleston, SC. 

Ralph was a member of the Oak Hill United Methodist Church. He was involved with the Boy Scouts for many years, achieving Eagle Scout status and was a former Scout Leader for Troop 179. He was a VietNam era US Air Force veteran.

A longtime attorney with Hamilton, Burgess, Young and Pollard, he was a member WV Bar Association, WV State Bar and the WV Association of Justice, for which he received an Award.

In addition to being a master carpenter his hobbies were: running, (in years past participated in the Charleston Distance Run, AAU 20K Oak Hill to Fayetteville and Capt. Thurmond Tri-Athlon,) kayaking, restoring antique tractors, wood carving, restoring antique Willys Jeeps, and antique airplanes.

Ralph was a wonderful husband, father and friend. His greatest joy was helping someone in need, no matter the task.

His memory will be forever cherished by his wife, Cathy C. Conner Young; three children, Ralph C. Young, III of Fayetteville, Joel P. (Tiffany) Young of Oak Hill, and Ashton J. Young of Fayetteville; grandchild, Christian P. Young of Oak Hill; step-mother, Duane Young of Charleston, SC; brother, William P. (Debbie) Young of Martinsburg; sisters, Susan Y. Albright of Lancaster, PA, Rebecca Y. (Fred) Flori of Scituate, RI, and Marybeth Y. (Victor) Clark of Charleston, SC; and many nieces and nephews.

A memorial service will be on Saturday, October 13, 2018, at 11:00 am at the Oak Hill United Methodist Church with Rev. Ken Krimmel officiating. 

A celebration of a life well lived will be held at Wild Blue Adventure Company, Fayetteville on Friday, October 12, 2018, from 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm. 

In lieu of flowers the family requests memorial contributions be made to the American Cancer Society, Relay for Life, 3508 Staunton Avenue SE, 3rd Floor, Charleston, WV 25301.

Online condolences may be sent at www.tyreefuneralhome.com

Arrangements by Tyree Funeral Home, Oak Hill, WV



A local lawyer and pilot was tragically killed on Sunday, October 7th when his plane went down near Fancy Gap, which is in Carroll County, VA.

Ralph C. Young was a resident of Fayetteville and a flying enthusiast who also owned part of the Historic Fayette Cou. Air Strip in Fayetteville.

We spoke with Chris Kappler, a close friend and a fellow pilot who owns Wild Blue Adventures. He says Young was flying his vintage 1941 Piper that he flew regularly–adding that he was a great pilot with over 50 years of experience.

Kapplar says Young will be missed because he was a nice man that they felt fortunate enough to call a friend.

“Well Ralph was just such a great guy and it’s always people like him that leave such a great void. Not only was he a personal friend, he was just such a well respected member of our community in Fayetteville and in Fayette county and in Southern West Virginia. As far as the pilots in Southern West Virginia and in the vintage airplane community he’ll just leave a void that will probably never be filled,” says Young.

There are plans to memorialize Young. Kapplar tells us, it would be an event he would have loved.

The cause of the crash is still under investigation.


https://wvva.com

Ralph Young


FANCY GAP — A West Virginia man died early Sunday when his airplane crashed into a wooded area on Fancy Gap Mountain in Carroll County.

Ralph C. Young, 65, of Fayetteville, West Virginia, was making a round-trip between a private airstrip in his hometown and Elkin, North Carolina, when his fixed-wing, single-engine 1941 Piper crashed.

Virginia State Police were alerted of a possible crash at 2:10 a.m. With the help of Virginia Department of Emergency Management (VDEM) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the crash scene was located around 3 a.m.

According to State Police, Young’s body was located with the wreckage. The medical examiner’s office in Roanoke responded to the crash scene, off Cemetery Road.

FAA and National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) are assisting state police with an investigation into what caused the crash. Carroll County Sheriff’s Office, the county’s emergency services coordinator and Hillsville and Cana fire departments also assisted.

Fancy Gap Mountain is known for heavy fog that has accounted for many multi vehicle crashes in the past. State police spokeswoman Corinne Geller said it is still undetermined whether fog played a role in the airplane crash.

According to the National Weather Service, a special weather statement for isolated areas of dense fog was in effect for that area at the time of the crash. The NWS spokesman said records indicate preparations were underway to issue a dense fog advisory when NWS was notified of the crash.

This is a common time of year for fog due to longer nights and high humidity, the spokesman said.

https://www.southwesttimes.com


The Virginia State Police, Federal Aviation Administration and National Transportation Safety Board are investigating a fatal plane crash in Carroll County.

At 2:10 a.m. Sunday (October 7), Virginia State Police were alerted to a missing aircraft that was suspected of having crashed in Carroll County. With the assistance of the Virginia Department of Emergency Management (VDEM) and the Federal Aviation Administration, the Piper J3C-65 Cub was located off Cemetery Road on Fancy Gap Mountain around 3 a.m., according to the Virginia State Police.

“The pilot, Ralph C. Young, 65, of Fayetteville, West Virginia, did not survive the crash. His remains were located with the wreckage,” the Virginia State Police stated in a press release Sunday. “The Office of the Medical Examiner in Roanoke responded to the scene. The cause of the crash remains under investigation.”

Young was making a round-trip flight from a private airstrip in Fayetteville, West Virginia to Elkin, North Carolina and back to West Virginia, according to state police.

The Carroll County Sheriff’s Office and Emergency Services Coordinator have been assisting state police at the scene, along with the Hillsville and Cana Fire Departments. The Federal Aviation Administration and National Transportation Safety Board are on scene and assisting with the investigation.

Original article can be found here ➤ https://www.thecarrollnews.com

Cessna 182 Skylane, N6328A: Incident occurred July 17, 2020 in Alpine, Brewster County, Texas


Federal Aviation Administration / Flight Standards District Office; Lubbock, Texas

Aircraft made an emergency landing on a highway.

https://registry.faa.gov/N6328A

Date: 17-JUL-20
Time: 15:35:00Z
Regis#: N6328A
Aircraft Make: CESSNA
Aircraft Model: 182
Event Type: INCIDENT
Highest Injury: NONE
Aircraft Missing: No
Damage: UNKNOWN
Activity: PERSONAL
Flight Phase: EN ROUTE (ENR)
Operation: 91
City: ALPINE
State: TEXAS



Brewster County Sheriff's Office


Friday morning, a Cessna 182 Skylane, ran out of fuel and performed an emergency landing, on Highway 67, approximately 22 miles North of Alpine. There was no damage to the aircraft, and the pilot was able to takeoff, after refueling. Deputies and State Troopers secured the area to ensure the safety of the highway/runway.